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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four levels of drug action described in class?
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Molecular, cellular, tissue, and system.
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Do drugs only stimulate receptors, or can they block them too?
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They can also block them.
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Where do histamine H2 receptor antagonists work?
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At the H2 receptors in the stomach wall.
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How can antibodies be involved with pharmacology?
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They can be used as receptor blockers.
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What are two ways that agonist effects are potentiated (what a dumb word)?
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1. By allosteric mechanisms which enhance receptor affinity.
2. By inhibition of agonist inactivation (ie. inhibition of removal of neurotransmitter from synapse). |
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What effects do calcium ion channel blockers have?
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They reduce the contractility of the heart muscle, and also dilate the blood vessels, reducing the load that the heart pumps against. This helps with dysrhthmias, hypertension, etc.
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What is the effect of inhibiting sodium entry?
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Action potentials are blocked (can't reach threshold voltage).
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What is the effect of inhibiting the Na+/K+ pump?
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Ca2+ builds up, yielding a positive inotropic effect.
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What are 5 ways that drugs can act on enzyme targets?
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1. Can mimic enzyme product.
2. Can serve as enzyme substrate. 3. May be changed to altered product. 4. May inhibit enzyme. 5. May alter enzyme abundance. |
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What is an antimetabolite?
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An antimetabolite is a chemical with a similar structure to a substance (a metabolite) required for normal biochemical reactions, yet different enough to interfere with the normal functions of cells, including cell division.
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What 4 classes of enzyme-inhibiting drugs were discussed in the notes?
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Cholinesterase inhibitors, cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibtors, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
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What do cholinesterase (AChase-1) inhibitors do on a micro and macro level?
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On a micro level, they prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine. On a macro level, they mimic an increase in parasympathetic activity.
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What does inhibition of the COX enzymes do?
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It reduces inflammation and pain.
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What is the generalized name for COX inhibitors?
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NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).
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What are a couple of non-selective NSAIDs?
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Aspirin and ibuprofen.
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What is an example of a COX-II inhibitor?
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Celebrex.
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In general, what do phosphodiesterase inhibitors do?
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They preserve cAMP & cGMP.
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What are the results of preserving cAMP?
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Positive inotropic effects, vasodilation, bronchodilation.
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What are the results of preserving cGMP?
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Enhances NO vasodilation, anti-anginal, treats erectile dysfunction.
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What do ACE inhibitors do on the micro scale?
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They prevent formation of angiotensin II, and reduce breakdown of bradykinin.
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What do ACE inhibitors do on the macro scale?
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They lead to vasodilation, which can treat hypertension and heart failure.
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