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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of the vascular system?
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To profuse the tissues with what they need.
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Name the types of blood vessels that blood passes through in a full circulation, starting with the heart.
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Large arteries, small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava.
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What is the intima of an artery?
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The smooth lining of endolithial cells.
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What is the media of an artery?
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The smooth muscle and connective tissue.
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What is the adventitia of an artery?
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The outside.
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What is the range of diameters for blood vessels?
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From 8 micrometers for the capillaries to 30 mm in the vena cava.
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What is the primary structural difference between arteries and veins?
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Arteries generally have much more smooth muscle.
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What is the equation for flow rate?
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Flow rate = Pressure difference (Arterial pressure) / Resistance
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Resistance is proportional to...
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...1/radius^4.
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What are some less important regulators of blood flow in the body?
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Length of blood vessel, viscosity of blood.
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What is myogenic activity, as it concerns blood vessels?
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The shrinking or stretching of blood vessels to give you consistent blood flow.
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What type of channels are responsible for myogenic activity?
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Calcium channels.
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What is hyperemia?
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Extra blood flow (given to respond to extra demand).
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What factors lead to hyperemia?
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CO2, adenosine, H+, heat.
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What are the primary vasodilators produced by the endothelium?
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Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins (like PGI2 & PGE2), and endolithium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs).
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What is angiogenesis?
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The development of new blood vessels.
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What 2 molecules combine to make nitric oxide synthase?
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O2 and L-Arginine.
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What does nitric oxide cause to be formed?
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cGMP (which causes dilation of blood vessels).
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The eicosanoid thromboxane causes __________ of the blood vessels.
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constriction
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The eicosanoid prostacyclin causes __________ of the blood vessels.
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dilation
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What is the EDHF?
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It isn't known, but there are many "candidate factors."
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What is meant by "vascular tone"?
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The balance between vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
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What is the primary vasoconstrictor produced by the endothelium?
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Endothelin.
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What is a unique characteristic of ET-1?
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It can be a vasoconstrictor and also occasionally a vasodilator.
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What is the function of capillaries in the skin?
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To promote heat loss (they don't exchange molecules).
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What do skeletal muscle do when sympathetically stimulated?
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They contract to apply pressure to the veins and get blood back to the heart faster.
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