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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is recombinant DNA?
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takes DNA from one and puts it in another organism
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What is GFP?
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Green Flourescent Protein
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Where did GFP originally come from?
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an ocean jellyfish called Aequora Victoria
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How can E.coli be used in the genetic engineering world?
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Can be used to create an alternative fuel by altering it to produce butanol which can be burned for energy.
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what can bacteria be engineered for?
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to produce useful medical proteins used in lrg quantities like insulin, growth hormone, somatostatin.
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what can plants be engineered for?
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They can be engineered to resist certain pesticides
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What is RR corn?
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Round up ready corn that contains a gene that allows it to survive in soil applied w/ massive amounts of round up weed killer.
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What do vectors do?
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CAn transfer genetic material frm 1 organism to another.ex. fleas, tics, bacteriophages, plasmids.
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What is a plasmid?
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small circular piece of DNA present in bacteria
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What are some charecteristics of plasmids?
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They have multiple genes, can have antibiotic resistance genes, easy to work with in lab, and can be taken apart and combined with other genes creating a recombinant plasmid.
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explain the process of plasmid X in making bacteria glow green.
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Plasmid X is hoooked together w/ DNA containing GFP, then the recombinant plasmid can be easily inserted into a bacterium, then the bacteria can make GFP and glow green.
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What is pGLO?
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A 3 gene plasmid that can make bacteria glow when adding UV light.
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What are the 3 genes in pGLO?
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1.Bla-which encodes a beta lactamase enzyme
2. GFP-Green Flourescent protein 3. araC-arabinose C gene |
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How is Bla useful?
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can be made into beta lactamase which builds resistance to antibiotics like ampicillin.(inactivates ampicillin).
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How is araC useful?
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araC protein is activated by arabinose sugar.also araC is needed to make GFP
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What is a restriction endonuclease?
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a restriction enzyme that cuts DNA at a certain location.
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What are the difference between sticky and blunt ends?
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sticky ends have overhanging single strands of DNA and blunt ends do not.
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What is cloning?
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the process of taking DNA from one organism and putting it to another.ex.: pGLO
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steps in cloning?
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A piece of DNA is taken frm organism cut up by restriction enzymes and one gene is put into a plasmid that has been cut w/ restriction enzymes as well and that new plasmid is but inot a bacterium which will reproduce a bacteria with that gene.
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what is a commonly used tool to visualize DNA?
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Agarose gel electrophoresis
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What kind of charge does DNA have?
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negatively charged
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what happens if you apply an electric charge to DNA?
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the DNA will move towards the positive charge and away from negative.
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what are the two possible dyes added to the loading dye for DNA that will be loaded to gel?
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bromphenol blue and Xylene cyanol
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What is the "running buffer" and what does it do?
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The buffer is a liquid made of salts and pH balanced that is added to the gel to keep cool and provides medium for electric current to run through.
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where would a longer fragment of DNA be located in the gel after electrophoresis?
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The longer strands are slower and stay near the wells unlike the smaller fragments.
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What are pyrimidine dimers
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caused by uV radiation to form within DNA starnd causing DNA polymerase to replicate the region incoorectly
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a insertion mutation means what?
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the sequence gains one or more base pairs
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a deletion mutation means..?
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the sequence lost one or more base pairs.
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what does it mean by a silent mutation?
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that the mutation had no effect
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missense mutation equals what?
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the mutation caused one or more of the amino acids in corresponding protein to change.
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nonsense mutation is what?
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mutation causes codon that codes for amino acid to change to a stop codon, making protein shorter and usually non functional.
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what is a frameshift mutation?
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when it disrupts the rd. by 3 base pair at a time rule.only insertion/deletion can cause frameshift.
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