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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the process in creationg a protein?
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theres 2 steps transcription and translation
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What happens in the transcription step?
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DNA is converted into mRNA
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what happens in the translation process?
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mRNA is decoded using ribosomes and charged tRNA to get a protein.
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what does the enzyme RNA polymerase do?
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it reads the "coding" strand of the DNA in the transcription process of making a protein.
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How is mRNA produced?
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By RNA polymerase with base pairing of the RNA nucleotides and the DNA.
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In what direction is mRNA created?
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Always created in the 5'-3' direction
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What does MET stand for?
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amino acid Methionine
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what is a codon?
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each 3 nucleotide sequence that corresponds to a specific amino acid. ex. AUG is codon for MET
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what is an anticodon?
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an anticodon is carried by a charged tRNA and it is the complimentary product of a codon.ex. UAC is anticodon for AUG.
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Each amino acid starts with which codon?
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AUG=MET
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Whate are the stop codons?
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UAA, UGA, UAG
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Translation flowchart starts with a ribosome doing what?
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looking for the start codon (AUG) on mRNA
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What is the second step of the translation process?
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2 subunits of ribosome come together and sandwich the mRNA, with the start codon in the P-site.
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What are the three sites on the top lrg ribosme subunit?
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E, P, A (ape backwards)
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what happens on the Psite
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Here is where the first first tRNA carrying the first amino acid enter over the corresponding start codon.
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what happens on the A site?
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The second or next charged tRNA enters and positions there to form a peptide bond between the 2 amino acids (P-A site)
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what happens on the E site
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releases uncharged tRNA
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when does the translation process end?
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When the ribosome subunit hits a stop codon
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what happens after translation stops?
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stop codon stalls ribosome, then eventually the polypeptide or protein is released, ribosom falls apart and mRNA and tRNA are released.
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Does transcription and translation happen simultaneously in Eukaryotes?
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No because nuclear membrane seperates the DNA frm the ribosome.
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where does transcription occur in Eukaryotes?
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nucleus
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How does translation occur in eukaryotes?
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the mRNA travels out of the nucleus through the nuclear pores into cytoplasm/ER and then the ribosomes (free or RER) translate it into protein.
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