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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is DNA replication
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when DNA is copied into two identical copies before cell division.
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With what enzyme is a new DNA strand made with?
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DNA Polymerase
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What is step one in DNA synthesis?
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unzipping DNA molecule down the center breaking hydrogen bonds
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In step one what enzyme unwinds the DNA?
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Helicase
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what does single strand binding protein do?
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SSBP acts in step one of the process and it rebonds and stabilizes single DNA strands
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what is step two in DNA synthesis?
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Adding a primer
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What enzyme is used to add a primer for step two?
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Primase adds the short RNA primer to begin complimentary strand.
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What is step 3 in DNA rep.?
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Elongation
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What enzyme is used in step three?and how does it work?
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DNA Polymerase now can attach to primer and elongate the complimentary strand.
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What is step 4?
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the primer is removed by RNase enzyme and Polymerase fills in hole where primer was.
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What is the final step 5?
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Ligate fragments which means DNA ligase seals the gaps between where the end of the primer was and the newly formed strand.-bonds okazaki fragments
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What is the leading strand?
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the leading strand is on top and smoothly continous creation of complimentary strand.
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Whats the lagging strand?
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the bottom strand which due to the direction problem isn;t real good for continous synthesis of DNA.
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what are okazaki fragments?
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short stretches of DNA on the lagging strand
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what are mutations?
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mutations alter dna, a change in the dna sequence, can be harmful, beneficial or have no effect.
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what is base pair mismatch or base substitution mutation also known as point mutations?
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when one base pair changes to a different base pair.
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how does ionizing radiation affect DNA?
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causes formation of ions that can react with nucleotides and deoxyribose phosphate backbone which can lead to DNA to breakdown and cause mutations.
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what does nonionizing radiation cause to DNA?
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causes hydrogen bonds to break when pyrimidine nucleotides are side by side, and joins them together instead of their complimentary nucleotide.
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what kind of problems arise from nonionizing radiation on DNA?
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causes problems with DNA replication and protein production.
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what is the spontaneous mutation rate?
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it replicates base pairs in 1 in 10^9 or 1 in 10^6 in replicated genes.
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mutagens increase mutation rate to?
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1 in 10^5 replicated base pairs and or 1 in 10^3 replicated gene.
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