Unit3 Pediatric Cardiology

Front 1

Levocardia means what?

Back 1

Heart is in normal position (left chest)

Front 2

Dextrocardia means what?

Back 2

heart formed in right chest

Front 3

Thrills are best felt with what part of the hand?

Back 3

ball of hand

Front 4

Thrills are present with what grades of murmurs?

Back 4

4, 5, 6

Front 5

S1 corresponds to the closure of what valves?

Back 5

Mitral & tricuspid

Front 6

S2 corresponds to the closure of what valves?

Back 6

Aortic & pulmonary

Front 7

S3 is caused by what?

Back 7

Rapid filling of the ventricles

Front 8

S4 is caused by what?

Back 8

atrial kick

Front 9

A gallop is heard when?

Back 9

When S3/S4 are as loud as S1/S2

Front 10

Still's murmur is loudest in what position?

Back 10

Supine

Front 11

Describe a Still's murmur.

Back 11

Systolic vibratory musical sound

Front 12

Where on the chest can a Still's murmur be heard?

Back 12

along left lower sternal border to the apex

Front 13

Still's murmur is thought to be caused by what mechanism?

Back 13

Vibration of heart and/or great vessels

Front 14

A pulmonary flow murmur is caused by what mechanism?

Back 14

Audible flow in the main pulmonary artery

Front 15

Where is a pulmonary murmur heard on the body?

Back 15

left upper sternal border & back

Front 16

A pulmonary murmur is louder in what position?

Back 16

Supine

Front 17

What is the description of a pulmonary murmur?

Back 17

grade I-III, systolic ejection murmur

Front 18

A brachiocephalic murmur is caused by what mechanism?

Back 18

turbulent flow at brachiocephalic artery take-off

Front 19

What is the description of a brachiocephalic murmur?

Back 19

scratchy harsh systolic ejection murmur loudest above right clavicle

Front 20

A brachiocephalic murmur can be altered by what action?

Back 20

shoulder hyper-extension

Front 21

A branch pulmonary artery stenosis is also known as what?

Back 21

peripheral pulmonary stenosis

Front 22

What is the mechanism behind a branch pulmonary artery stenosis?

Back 22

Due to acute angulation of branch PAs

Front 23

Where is a branch pulmonary artery stenosis heard?

Back 23

axillae, back
left upper sternal border

Front 24

When should a branch pulmonary artery stenosis resolve?

Back 24

by age 6 months

Front 25

Venous hum represents what?

Back 25

represents turbulent venous flow return from upper body

Front 26

A venous hum can be what grades?

Back 26

I - VI

Front 27

What is the description of a venous hum?

Back 27

Very low pitched continuous rumbling

Front 28

Where is a venous hum best heard?

Back 28

under right clavicle

Front 29

At what phase in the cardiac cycle is a venous hum loudest?

Back 29

diastole

Front 30

A venous hum disappears when?

Back 30

Supine or with jugular pressure

Front 31

Mammary souffle represents what?

Back 31

flow within enlarged internal mammary arteries

Front 32

Mammary souffle is only found in what patients?

Back 32

lactating females

Front 33

What is the description of mammary souffle?

Back 33

Continuous high pitched murmur

Front 34

Mammary souffle is loudest when?

Back 34

Systole, no change with position

Front 35

What congenital heart diseases have a L to R shunt?

Back 35

VSD
ASD
PDA

Front 36

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

Back 36

VSD

Front 37

What is the description of a VSD murmur?

Back 37

harsh holosystolic murmur
S1 often obscured

Front 38

Where is a VSD murmur heard best?

Back 38

lower left sternal border

Front 39

What is the second most common congenital defect?

Back 39

PDA

Front 40

PDA is associated with what abnormal valve?

Back 40

bicuspid aortic valve

Front 41

What does a PDA murmur sound like?

Back 41

continuous machinery-like

Front 42

Where is a PDA murmur best found?

Back 42

under left clavicle

Front 43

A PDA is best heard in what phase of the cardiac cycle?

Back 43

systole

Front 44

What is the treatment for a PDA in a premature infant?

Back 44

IV indomethacin

Front 45

What are the closure options for a PDA besides indomethacin?

Back 45

Coils
Thorascopic closure
Surgery

Front 46

What is the most common atrial septal defect?

Back 46

secundum

Front 47

What are the 3 atrial septal defects?

Back 47

Secundum
Primum
Sinus venosus

Front 48

An ASD has what finding on palpation?

Back 48

RV lift

Front 49

An ASD shows what on CXR?

Back 49

large heart
increased flow

Front 50

What is the description of the second heart sound in an ASD?

Back 50

fixed split S2

Front 51

Relative stenosis is present in what valves in ASD?

Back 51

pulmonary
tricuspid

Front 52

An rsR' is present in V1 in what defect?

Back 52

ASD

Front 53

The EKG shows what in an ASD?

Back 53

right axis deviation
right atrial enlargement
right ventricular hypertrophy

Front 54

What congenital heart diseases are obstructive?

Back 54

Pulmonary stenosis
Aortic stenosis
Coarctation

Front 55

What congenital heart diseases are cyanotic?

Back 55

transposition of the great arteries
Tetralogy of Fallot
Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Truncus arteriosus

Front 56

What arteries are transposed in TGA?

Back 56

pulmonary artery & aorta

Front 57

TGA is most common in what infants?

Back 57

term large males

Front 58

What is found upon palpation and auscultation in TGA?

Back 58

RV lift
single S2

Front 59

What is the CXR finding in TGA?

Back 59

"egg on a string"

Front 60

What is the surgery to correct TGA?

Back 60

septostomy

Front 61

What are the four components of tetralogy of Fallot?

Back 61

Large VSD
Aorta over-rides the VSD
Pulmonary stenosis (valvular & muscular)
Right ventricular hypertrophy

Front 62

What is the most common cyanotic defect?

Back 62

Tetralogy of Fallot