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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the short acting inhaled beta2 receptor agonists?
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Albuterol
Levalbuterol Pirbuterol |
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What are the long acting inhaled beta2 receptor agonists?
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Arformoterol
Formoterol Salmeterol |
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What are the methylxanthines?
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Theophylline
Aminophylline |
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What is the MOA of the methylxanthines?
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Phosphodiesterase inhibition
Adenosine receptor antagonism Increased contractility of fatigued diaphragm |
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Methylxanthines should be used for what type of therapy in asthma?
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Add-on therapy in mild/moderate persistent disease
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What is the clinical application for inhaled corticosteroids in asthma?
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Persistent asthma in adults and children
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What are the clinical benefits of inhaled corticosteroids?
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Reduction in inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, symptoms
Improvement in FEV & PEFR Increased beta receptor responsiveness |
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Symbicort is a combination of what medications?
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Budesonide/formoterol
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What is the MOA of mast cell stabilizers?
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Prevent mast cell degranulation & release of inflammatory mediators
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Cromolyn (Intal) is in what class of asthma medications?
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Mast cell stabilizers
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What is the clinical application for mast cell stabilizers?
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Anti-inflammatory therapy in asthma
Less effective than corticosteroids Alternative add-on therapy in mild persistent disease |
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What are the leukotriene pathway inhibitors?
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Montelukast
Zafirlukast (Accolate) Zileuton (Zyflo) |
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What is the MOA of Montelukast & Zafirlukast?
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Leukotriene receptor antagonism
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What is the MOA of Zileuton?
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5-lipoxygenase inhibition
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What is the MOA of Omalizumab?
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Monoclonal antibody to IgE
Prevents IgE from binding to its receptors on mast cells and basophils Reduction in release of mediators in response to allergen exposure |
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What are the indications for Omalizumab?
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Adults and children 12 +
Allergic asthma Pretreatment IgE of at least 30 IU/mL |
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How is Omalizumab (Xolair) administered?
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Subcutaneous injection every 2-4 weeks
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What are the safety concerns for Omalizumab (Xolair)
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Anaphylaxis
Urticaria Injection site pain/reaction |
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What are the most efficacious anti-inflammatory agents for asthma?
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Corticosteroids
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What are the first generation antihistamines?
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Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Clemastine (Tavist) Brompheniramine (Dimetane) Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton) |
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Which generation of antihistamines are most likely to cause sedation?
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1st generation
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What are the 2nd generation antihistamines?
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Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Desloratadine (Clarinex) Levocetirizine (Xyzal) Loratadine (Claritin) Cetirizine (Zyrtec) |
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Which antihistamines have high anticholinergic effects?
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Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Clemastine (Tavist) |
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What are the decongestants?
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Pseudoephedrine
Phenylephrine Naphazoline Oxymetazoline Tetrahydrozoline |
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What is the mainstay of treatment for allergic rhinitis?
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Oral antihistamines
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What drug is useful for watery rhinorrhea?
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Ipratropium
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