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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the other name for the PPD test?
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Mantoux
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What do you measure when reading a PPD?
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induration
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Patients with HIV, recent TB contact, organ transplants, or evidence of past TB have a positive PPD when it measures what?
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5 mm
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Immigrants, IDUs, residents & employees of high-risk congregate settings, mycobacteriology lab personnel, and those in high-risk clinical conditions have a positive PPD when it measures what?
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10 mm
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Persons with no risk factors for TB have a positive PPD when it measures what?
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15 mm
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What are the drugs used to treat latent TB?
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INH
Rifampin |
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What is the MOA of Isoniazid?
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Inhibition of mycolid acid synthesis
Disruption of cell wall |
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What are the major side effects of INH?
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Hepatotoxicity
Peripheral neuropathy |
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INH related peripheral neuropathy is due to what?
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Pyroxidine (vitamin B6) deficiency
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What are the drug interactions for INH?
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Increased carbamazepine
Increased phenytoin Mild MAO inhibitor (serotonin syndrome) |
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What are the 4 drugs for treatment of active TB?
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INH
Rifampin Ethambutol Pyrazinimide |
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What is the MOA of Rifampin?
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Binds to & inhibits RNA polymerase
Suppresses initiation of chain formation during synthesis (not chain elongation) |
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Rifampin is active against what bacteria?
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Mycobacteria
Staphylococcus |
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Rifampin can be used to treat what illnesses?
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TB
Prophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis Endocarditis Osteomyelitis Prosthetic joint infections MRSA |
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Rifampin does what to urine, tears, sweat, and feces?
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Turns them red-orange
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What are the adverse effects of Rifampin?
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Hepatotoxicity
Hypersensitivity - rash, drug fever GI intolerance Thrombocytopenia Phlebitis with IV |
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What are the drug interactions of Rifampin?
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Oral contraceptives
Phenytoin Warfarin Anti-arrhythmics Antiretrovirals |
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What is the MOA of pyrazinamide?
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Unknown
Converted to active pyrazinoic acid |
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What are the adverse effects of pyrazinamide?
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Hepatotoxicity
Hyperuricemia - gout |
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What is the MOA of ethambutol?
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Inhibits production of cell wall polysaccharide, arabinogalactan
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What is the major adverse effect of ethambutol?
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Optic neuritis (decreased visual acuity, red-green color changes)
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What is the MOA of streptomycin?
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Aminoglycoside antibiotic; alters bacterial protein synthesis
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What are the adverse effects of streptomycin?
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Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity |
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What is the treatment for MDR-TB?
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FQ, PZA, ETH, streptomycin +/- another, for 18-24 months
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What is the treatment for XDR-TB?
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4-6 active drugs, requires 18-24 months of treatment
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