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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is pharmacokinetics?
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Quantitative, time-dependent changes of both the plasma drug concentration and the total amount of drug in the body following the drug's administrations by various routes
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What is described as "what the body does to the drug?"
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Pharmacokinetics
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What is pharmacodynamics?
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Deals with the effects of drugs on biologic systems
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What is described as "what the drug does to the body?"
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Pharmacodynamics
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What are the four main sub-topics of pharmacokinetics?
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Absorption
Distribution Metabolism Elimination |
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What is the route of administration determined by?
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The properties of the drug
Gas/solid/liquid Lipid soluble, water soluble, ionic characteristics |
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What are the enteral routes of administration?
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Oral
Sublingual Rectal |
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What are the parenteral routes of administration?
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IV
IM Sub-Q |
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What are the other routes of administration besides enteral and parenteral?
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Inhalation
Intranasal Intrathecal/intraventricular Topical Transdermal |
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What is bioavailability?
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How much of a drug taken orally is actually transferred to the bloodstream
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What is bioavailability affected by?
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Mechanism of transport
pH Physical factors |
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If a drug passes through the portal circulation prior to entering the systemic circulation, what is this called?
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First-pass hepatic metabolism
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Being metabolized by the liver reduces or increases bioavailability?
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Reduces
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What 3 factors influence bioavailability?
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First-pass hepatic metabolism
Solubility of the drug Chemical instability |
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What is the process by which a drug reversibly leaves the bloodstream and enters the interstitium and/or cells of the tissues?
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Distribution
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What does a large volume of distribution mean?
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the drug is not accessible to the liver and kidney for metabolism and stays in the body longer
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What does distribution depend on?
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Blood flow
Capillary permeability Protein binding |
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Which method of elimination is concentration dependent?
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First order kinetics
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The rate of elimination is constant in what?
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Zero order of elimination
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What are drugs typically excreted in?
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Bile
Feces Urine |
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What is the drug concentration affected by?
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How much drug is administered
What is the bioavailability How long does it stay in the body |
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What is a drug that activates a receptor upon binding?
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Agonist
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What type of antagonist can be overcome by higher agonist concentration?
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Competitive
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What is a physiologic antagonist?
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A drug that counters the effect of another by binding to a different receptor and causing opposing effects
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What type of antagonist binds to the agonist drug?
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Chemical Antagonist
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Which form of transport can achieve higher bioavailability?
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Active
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