Unit1 Common Bacterial Pathogens/antimicrobial Therapy

Front 1

Staph aureus is what kind of bacteria?

(Gram neg/pos; rod/cocci)

Back 1

Gram positive cocci

Front 2

What are the risk factors for infection with Legionella?

Back 2

COPD
Smoking
Increased age
Immunosuppression

Front 3

What does prophylactic antibiotic usage mean?

Back 3

Preventing infection

Front 4

What type of bacteria is Moraxella catarrhalis?

(gram neg/pos, rod/cocci)

Back 4

gram negative cocci

Front 5

What bacteria causes strep throat?

Back 5

S. pyogenes
Group A strep

Front 6

Toxic shock syndrome is caused by what bacteria?

Back 6

Staph aureus OR S. pyogenes (group A strep)

Front 7

How many species of coagulase-negative staph affect humans?

Back 7

15

Front 8

What area of the body does S. agalactiae colonize?

Back 8

Genital and GI tract of females and some males

Front 9

Acinetobacter causes disease in what type of patient?

Back 9

Those who are already sick or have risk factors

Front 10

Which bacteria often causes infections related to foreign materials (joint replacements, catheters, etc) in the body?

Back 10

Coagulase - negative staph

Front 11

What are some 5 diseases that S. pneumoniae causes?

Back 11

Pneumonia
Meningitis
Otitis media
Sinusitis
Bronchitis

Front 12

Beta lactams and vancomycin are
A) Time dependent OR
B) Concentration dependent?

Back 12

A ) Time dependent

Smaller dose more often, continuous infusion

Front 13

What bacteria is group B strep?

Back 13

S. agalactiae

Front 14

What are the gram-negative anaerobes?

Back 14

Bacteroides
Prevotella
Porphyromonas
Fusobacterium

Front 15

Where is viridans streptococci usually found?

Back 15

Upper respiratory tract
female genital tract
GI tract, especially mouth

Front 16

Seratia is part of what family of bacteria?

Back 16

Enterobacteriacea

Front 17

Viridans streptococci has low virulence, true or false?

Back 17

True

Front 18

What diseases does Legionella cause?

Back 18

Legionnaire's disease
Pontiac fever

Front 19

What bacteria causes 10% of UTIs?

Back 19

S. saprophyticus
(Coagulase - negative staph)

Front 20

Beta-hemolytic group C & G strep are usually found in what patients?

Back 20

Patients of extreme ages
Alcoholics
IVDA
DM
CA
Steroids

Front 21

S. pneumoniae is what type of bacteria?

(Gram neg/pos, rod/cocci)

Back 21

Gram positive cocci

Front 22

What diseases does Listeria monocytogenes cause?

Back 22

Meningitis in very young and very old
Sepsis

Front 23

What are two common clinical isolates of Enterococcus?

Back 23

E. faecalis
E. faecium

Front 24

What is the most common blood culture contaminant?

Back 24

Coagulase - negative staph

Front 25

Enterococcus is NOT normal gut flora, true or false?

Back 25

False

Front 26

What percentage of normal individuals are colonized with Acinetobacter?

Back 26

25%

Front 27

Which bacteria is usually seen with polymicrobial infections?

Back 27

Enterococcus

Front 28

What is the "king" of bad negative rods?

Back 28

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 29

Aspiration pneumonia is usually caused by what type of infection?

Back 29

Anaerobe

Front 30

What is the condition of most patients with Enterococcus?

Back 30

Sick and/or in the hospital

Front 31

What does definitive antibiotic usage mean?

Back 31

Specific pathogen & susceptibilities known

Front 32

Which bacteria do not grow on agar?

Back 32

Atypical bacteria

Front 33

Which bacteria are usually contaminants?

Back 33

Nondiphtheria corynebacteria
(diphthroids)
Bacillus

Front 34

Enterococcus has high virulence, true or false?

Back 34

False

Front 35

What type of bacteria is Listeria monocytogenes?

(gram neg/pos, rod/cocci)

Back 35

Gram positive rod

Front 36

What is used to treat Listeria monocytogenes?

Back 36

ampicillin/gentamicin
TMP/SMZ

Front 37

In mixed infections, anaerobes are usually present along with what other type of bacteria?

Back 37

Aerobic gram negative rods

Front 38

What is the most important species of nondiphtheria corynebacteria?

Back 38

C. jeikeium

Front 39

Morganella is what type of bacteria?

(gram neg/pos, rod/cocci)

Back 39

Gram negative rod

(in Enterobacteriacea)

Front 40

Which strep is usually associated with invasive diseases in older adults with an underlying condition?

Back 40

S. agalactiae
Group B strep

Front 41

What type of bacteria is Corynebacteria?

(gram neg/pos, rod/cocci)

Back 41

Gram positive rod

Front 42

What are the three words we need to remember in relation to gram-negative rods?

Back 42

Gut
UTI
Hospital

Front 43

What is the most common cause of UTI?

Back 43

E. coli

Front 44

Klebsiella is part of what family of bacteria?

Back 44

Enterobacteriacea

Front 45

Abscesses and tissue destruction are usually caused by what kind of bacteria?

Back 45

Anaerobes

Front 46

Acinetobacter is what type of bacteria?

(gram neg/pos, rod/cocci)

Back 46

Gram negative rod

Front 47

Which bacteria can grow in antiseptic and distilled water?

Back 47

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 48

What bacteria causes nosocomial pulmonary infections, often after the patient has received antibiotics?

Back 48

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Front 49

What is the most common cause of bacteremia?

Back 49

Coagulase - negative staph

Front 50

What is the treatment for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia?

Back 50

Usually TMP/SMX

Front 51

Staph aureus causes which form of impetigo?

Back 51

Bullous

Front 52

What does TMP/SMX stand for?

Back 52

Trimethopram/sulfamethoxazole

Front 53

What area of the body does H.influenzae colonize?

Back 53

Upper respiratory tract
Genital tract

Front 54

Which strain of H. influenzae is most common?

Back 54

Non-encapsulated

Front 55

What bacteria causes epiglotitis?

Back 55

Encapsulated type B H. influenzae

Front 56

What area of the body is colonized by Moraxella catarrhalis?

Back 56

Oropharynx

Front 57

What bacteria is group A strep?

Back 57

S. pyogenes

Front 58

How long does it usually take for a blood culture to finalize?

Back 58

48-72 hours

Front 59

What type of bacteria is H. influenzae?

(gram neg/pos, rod/cocci)

Back 59

gram negative rod

Front 60

Which bacteria usually causes nosocomial infections?

Back 60

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 61

What type of bacteria is Neisseria?

(gram neg/pos, rod/cocci)

Back 61

Gram negative cocci

Front 62

What area of the body does S. pneumoniae colonize?

Back 62

Nasopharynx

Front 63

What are the gram-positive anaerobes?

Back 63

Clostridium
Peptostreptococcus
Actinomyces

Front 64

S. pyogenes is what type of bacteria?

(Gram neg/pos, rod/cocci)

Back 64

Gram positive cocci

Front 65

What are the three ways to classify streptococcus?

Back 65

Lancefield
Hemolysis
Genus species

Front 66

Infection with what kind of bacteria usually causes suppuration?

Back 66

Anaerobe infection

Front 67

What bacteria is associated with Lyme disease?

Back 67

Borrelia burgdorferi

Front 68

Where is pseudomonas aeruginosa found?

Back 68

Soil, water, plants, animals
(moist environments)

Front 69

What type of bacteria is Bacillus?

(gram neg/pos, rod/cocci)

Back 69

Gram positive rod

Front 70

What is the scientific name for anthrax?

Back 70

Bacillus anthracis

Front 71

Which bacteria are unresponsive to beta-lactam or sulfa antibiotics?

Back 71

Atypical bacteria

Front 72

What are 3 atypical bacteria?

Back 72

Legionella
Mycoplasma
Chlamydophila

Front 73

What is MIC?

Back 73

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
the lowest concentration of an antibiotic which inhibits the visible growth of an organism

Front 74

Which bacteria is a frequent cause of concern for post-partum females and newborns?

Back 74

S. agalactiae
(group B strep)

Front 75

What does empiric antibiotic usage mean?

Back 75

Specific pathogen & susceptibilities unknown

Front 76

Deep-seated head and neck infections are usually caused by what type of bacteria?

Back 76

Anaerobe

Front 77

Which bacteria show non-lobar or patchy infiltrate?

Back 77

Atypical bacteria

Front 78

Proteus mirabilis is part of what family of bacteria?

Back 78

Enterobacteriacea

Front 79

Coagulase - negative Staph is what kind of bacteria?

(Gram neg/pos; rod/cocci)

Back 79

Gram positive cocci

Front 80

What age group is most often affected by Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Back 80

5-20 year olds

Front 81

Aminoglycosides and flouroquinolones are
A) Time dependent OR
B) Concentration dependent?

Back 81

B ) Concentration dependent

Give more drug less often

Front 82

What are the symptoms of Mycoplasma infection?

Back 82

Gradual onset of fever, malaise, headache, cough

Front 83

What bacteria causes necrotizing fasciitis?

Back 83

S. pyogenes
Group A strep

Front 84

What is the most common species of Legionella?

Back 84

L. pneumophilia

Front 85

Where does Legionella live?

Back 85

In water

Front 86

What bacteria causes psittacosis?

Back 86

Chlamydophila psittaci

Front 87

The drug with the lowest MIC is always the best choice, true or false?

Back 87

False - Different antibiotics have different MICs

Front 88

What does suppressive antibiotic usage mean?

Back 88

Eradication not possible

Front 89

What bacteria typically cause community acquired pneumonia?

Back 89

Strep pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Atypicals

Front 90

What typically causes uncomplicated pyelonephritis?

Back 90

Gram negatives
Enterococcus

Front 91

What typically causes complicated pyelonephritis?

Back 91

Gram negatives including pseudomonas
Enterococcus

Front 92

What typically causes simple cellulitis?

Back 92

Staph aureus
Strep

Front 93

What typically causes primary peritonitis?

Back 93

Gram negatives
Strep

Front 94

What typically causes secondary peritonitis?

Back 94

Enteric Gram negatives
Anaerobes

Front 95

What bacteria typically causes endocarditis in people with no artificial valves?

Back 95

Viridans strep

Front 96

What bacteria usually cause meningitis in adults under 50 years of age?

Back 96

S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis

Front 97

What bacteria usually cause meningitis in adults over 50 years of age?

Back 97

S. pneumoniae
Listeria
Gram negatives

Front 98

What is the bacteria that most commonly causes native valve endocarditis?

Back 98

Viridans strep

Front 99

What bacteria usually cause line infections?

Back 99

Staph aureus
CONS
On TPN: possibly Candida