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187 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The skin synthesizes what vitamin?
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Vitamin D
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Which layer of the skin does not have blood vessels?
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Epidermis
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Where are the sebaceous glands located?
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Dermis
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What are the four pigments of the skin?
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Melanin
Carotene Oxyhemoglobin Deoxyhemoglobin |
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What is poor skin turgor?
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An abnormality in the skin's ability to change shape and return to normal (elasticity)
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What is poor skin turgor commonly a sign of?
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Dehydration
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What areas of the skin are associated with atopic dermatitis?
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Back of knee & antecubital areas (flexor surfaces)
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What areas of the skin are associated with psoriasis?
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Knees & elbows
(Extensor surfaces) |
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Where does pityriasis rosea usually occur?
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Trunk
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What is the size of a macule?
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Less than 0.5 cm in diameter
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Freckles and petechiae are examples of what kind of skin lesion?
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Macule
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Macules are what?
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Small, flat spot
Any color |
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What size is the diameter of a papule?
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Less than 0.5 cm
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Papules are what?
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Small palpable lesion
Any color Surface can be smooth or rough |
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What is a nodule?
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Enlargement of a papule in length, width, and height
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What is a patch?
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Extension of a macule in length and width
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What size is a patch?
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0.5 cm or larger in diameter
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What is a plaque?
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Enlargement of a papule in length and width
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What is a pustule filled with?
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Neutrophils
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What is the size of a vesicle?
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Less than 0.5 cm in diameter
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A vesicle can be thought of as what?
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A fluid filled papule
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A bulla is very similar to what other lesion?
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Vesicle
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What is the size of a bulla?
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0.5 cm or larger in diameter
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What is crust, and what is an example?
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Dried residue of serum, pus, or blood
Example - impetigo |
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What is a scale?
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A thin flake of exfoliated epidermis
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What are some examples of a scale?
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Dandruff
Dry skin psoriasis |
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What is an example of a target lesion?
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Erythema multiforme
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Herpes Zoster follows what type of pattern?
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Dermatomal
Unilateral |
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Herpes Zoster - Shingles has what kind of lesions?
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Vesicular
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A patient with shingles will feel what prior to eruption?
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Prickly, tingly sensation
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What skin condition has a herald patch that precedes the full eruption by 1-2 weeks?
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Pityriasis Rosea
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Pityriasis rosea follows what type of pattern?
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Christmas tree
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Describe the eruption of pityriasis rosea.
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Oval
fawn colored scaly Mildly puritic Confined to trunk |
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What type of disease is pityriasis rosea?
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Common, mild, acute inflammatory
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What are the treatments for pityriasis rosea?
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Antihistamines
Topical steroids Oral erythromycin |
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How long does pityriasis rosea usually last?
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6 weeks
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What causes molluscum contagiosum?
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Poxvirus
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What does the rash of molluscum contagiosum look like?
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Single/multiple rounded, dome-shaped, waxy papules
2-5 mm, umbilicated |
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How is molluscum contagiosum spread?
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Wet skin to skin contact
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When molluscum contagiosum is located in the genital region, what is it considered?
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STD
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What is the treatment for molluscum contagiosum?
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Curettage or liquid nitrogen
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What does HSV look like?
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Grouped vesicles on an erythematous base
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What are the symptoms of HSV?
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Burning, stinging
Neuralgia Regional adenopathy |
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What tests are positive in HSV?
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Tzanck smear
Viral cultures Serologies ELISA Direct fluorescent antibody tests |
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What are the treatments for HSV?
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Systemic agents (acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir)
Topical agents |
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Pyoderma is a complication of what virus?
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HSV
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What is the drug of choice for shingles?
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Acyclovir
Can also use valacyclovir or famciclovir |
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When is shingles considered an emergency?
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When it involves the facial nerve - can see lesion on tip of nose
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What are verrucae more commonly known as?
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Warts
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What are verrucae caused by?
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HPV
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How long is the incubation period for verrucae?
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2-18 months
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Imiquimod treats what skin condition?
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Verrucae (warts)
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Podophyllum resin treats what skin condition?
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Verrucae (warts)
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Bleomycin treats what skin condition?
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Verrucae (warts)
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What is cellulitis?
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A bacterial infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues
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What are the symptoms of cellulitis?
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Warmth
Erythema Edema Tenderness Later: Fever, chills, malaise |
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How long is the onset to presentation of cellulitis?
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6-36 hours
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What skin condition is ascending lymphangitis associated with, and what does it look like?
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Cellulitis
Red streaking |
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Cellulitis with a violaceous collor and bullae suggests infection with what?
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Strep pneumoniae
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Cellulitis of the lower extremities can develop into what (especially in geriatric patients)?
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Thrombophlebitis
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What antibiotics could you use to treat MSSA cellulitis in an inpatient?
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Cefuroxime
Ceftriaxone Dicloxacillin |
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With MRSA cellulitis, what drugs could be used?
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TMP/SMZ
Clindamycin |
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What is scalded skin syndrome?
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Acute exfoliation of the skin following an erythematous cellulitis
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What is scalded skin syndrome caused by?
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An exotoxin from a staph infection
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Scalded skin syndrome is most common in what populations?
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Children
Neonates |
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Mortality rate in scalded skin syndrome is highest in what population?
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Adults (20-30%)
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Describe the rash of scalded skin syndrome.
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Diffuse erythematous rash
Tender, warm Exfoliation Perioral crusting Facial edema Sandpaper like rash, accentuated in flexor creases |
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What is the treatment for scalded skin syndrome?
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IV fluids - lactated Ringer solution
Topical wound care similar to burns Topical antibiotic ointment Parenteral antibiotics to cover S. aureus |
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What drugs should be avoided in the treatment of scalded skin syndrome?
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Steroids
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What is the name of the superficial bacterial skin infection that extends into the cutaneous lymphatics?
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Erysipelas
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Where does erysipelas usually occur?
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on the face
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What bacteria usually causes erysipelas?
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Strep pyogenes
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Erysipelas is sharply demarcated, true or false?
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True
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What tests are useful in diagnosing erysipelas?
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CBC w/diff
ESR Urinalysis Cultures |
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What are the first-line agents for treating erysipelas?
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Pen VK
Pen G |
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What drug should be used in PCN allergic patients to treat erysipelas?
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Erythromycin
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What is the most common skin infection in children?
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Impetigo contagiosa
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What causes impetigo?
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group A beta-hemolytic strep OR staph aureus
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What is the most common location for impetigo?
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Face - around mouth and nose
Also could be around a site of trauma |
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What color are the crusts in impetigo?
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Honey-colored
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What is usually used to treat MSSA impetigo?
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Keflex
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What is used to treat recurrent impetigo?
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Rifampin
or intranasal mupirocin |
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What are furuncles caused by?
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Staph entering damaged hair follicle
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Where are furuncles most commonly found?
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Face
Neck Armpit Buttocks Thighs |
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What does an early furuncle look like?
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Small firm tender red nodule
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In the late stages of a furuncle, what may happen?
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Pus-filled
Inflammation Tenderness Mobility |
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What is the treatment for furuncles?
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Usually heal on their own, must drain
Can use warm moist compresses Need good hygiene |
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What is folliculitis?
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Inflammation of hair follicules as a result of obstruction/disruption
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What is the treatment for folliculitis?
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Topical & oral antibiotics
Wash with antibacterial soaps |
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What bacteria usually causes hot tub folliculitis?
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Pseudomonas
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Gram negative folliculitis in acne patients can be treated with what?
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Isotretinoin
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Eosinophilic folliculitis can be treated with what?
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Topical corticosteroids
Oral antihistamines |
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What is folliculitis caused by yeast treated with?
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topical 2.5% selenium sulfide or oral ketoconazole
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What topical antibiotics can be used for acne?
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topical EES
topical clindamycin w/benzoyl peroxide gel |
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What oral agents can be used for papular inflammatory acne?
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Tetracycline
Erythromycin Oral contraceptives Spironolactone |
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What drug can be used for severe cystic acne that is unresponsive to other therapy?
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Isotretinoin (Accutane)
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What can be used to treat a lesion that needs to be gone overnight?
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Intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide
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Relapse during treatment of acne vulgaris suggests what bacteria?
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Resistant propionibacterium acnes
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What is the most common mycotic infection?
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Candidiasis
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Which Candida is most commonly responsible for candidiasis?
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Candida albicans
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What is the medical term for ringworm?
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Tinea corporis
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Tinea cruris is more commonly known as what?
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Jock itch
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Tinea versicolor usually flares up in what season?
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Summer
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What is the most common cause of mouth sores in children?
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Hand/foot/mouth
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What causes hand, foot, & mouth disease?
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Coxsackie virus
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What illness in children presents with copious drooling?
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Hand, foot, & mouth disease
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What are the ingredients in "magic mouthwash"?
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Mylanta
Benadryl Xylocaine |
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What is pediculosis?
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Infestation with lice
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What is pubic lice known as?
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Pthirus pubis
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What is the body louse a vector of?
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Typhus
Trench fever Relapsing fever |
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What is the "home remedy" for removal of lice?
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Water & white vinegar
Soak hair in solution & wrap in towel for 15 minutes |
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What can eyelash infestation of lice be treated with?
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Petrolatum ointment (Vaseline)
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What is the DOC for lice?
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Permethrin 5% (Elimite) or 1% (Nix)
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What lice treatment is not very safe in children?
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Lindane 1% shampoo (Kwell)
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What causes the pruritus associated with scabies?
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The feces of the parasite
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What are the treatments for scabies?
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Lindane
Permethrin cream Crotamiton (Eurax) |
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What insect bite presents with an erythematous halo around the lesion?
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Brown recluse spider
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When does the hemorrhagic vesicle appear in a brown recluse bite?
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24-72 hours after the bite
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Which insect bite presents with an eschar in its later stages?
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Brown recluse spider
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What toxin causes the effects of a brown widow spider bite?
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Alpha-Iatrotoxin
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How does alpha-iatrotoxin from a black widow bite cause toxic effects?
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Opens cation channels (including calcium channels) presynaptically, causing increased release of multiple neurotransmitters
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What are the most common effects of a black widow bite?
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Neurologic
Autonomic |
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What will the vital signs show in a patient bitten by a black widow spider?
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Hypertension
Tachycardia |
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What are the treatments for an uncomplicated black widow spider bite?
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Pain control
Benzodiazepines Immunizations (Tetanus) Antivenom |
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For a patient showing serious effects of a black widow bite, what should be done?
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Admit to hospital; urinalysis; evaluate for evidence of coagulopathy, hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, renal failure, further progression
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Rosacea is most common in what population?
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White women between 30-60
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Severe rosacea in men can cause what?
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Rhinophyma
(Red, enlarged nose) |
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What are the treatments for rosacea?
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Avoid aggravating situations
Antibiotics (tetracycline) Accutane Gels/Creams |
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What are the treatments for perioral dermatitis?
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Anti-inflammatories
Metronidazole Doxycycline/Minocycline |
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What disease presents with swollen, painful, inflamed lesions in the axillae and groin?
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Hidradenitis suppurativa
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Hidradenitis suppurativa occurs as a result of what?
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Apocrine gland outlets become blocked by perspiration or cannot drain normally because of incomplete gland development
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What other diseases does hidradenitis suppurativa resemble?
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Recurrent bacterial folliculitis, furunculosis
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Down syndrome, Hashimoto thyroiditis, Sjogren's syndrome, Crohn's, IBS, and Herpes simplex are associated with the presence of what skin condition?
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Hidradenitis suppurativa
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What are the antibiotics used in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa?
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Tetracycline
Erythromycin Acute: Cephalosporins |
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What is a biopsy in which a sample of the suspicious tissue is cut into?
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Incisional
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What is the primary technique for obtaining diagnostic full skin thickness samples?
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Punch biopsy
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What are the two types of incisional biopsies?
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Punch
Shave |
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What is a procedure that completely removes a lump or abnormal area from the skin?
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Excisonal
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What does an excisional biospy look for?
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Cancer
Infection Inflammation |
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What procedure offers the highest potential from recovery of skin cancer?
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Mohs Micrographic Surgery
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What two cancers are commonly treated with Mohs?
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Basal cell
Squamous cell |
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What skin condition is associated with tapioca vesicles on the palms, soles, and sides of fingers?
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Dyshidrosis
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What controlls the process of sweating?
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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Two thirds of the body's sweat glands are located where?
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Hands
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Tannic acid, aluminum hexahydrate, formalin, and glutaraldehyde are examples of what?
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Prescription antiperspirants
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Tranquilizers, anticholinergics, NSAIDs, Calcium channel blockers, Catapres are examples of what?
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Oral antiperspirants
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Milaria crystallina is most common in what climates?
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Hot, humid
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What condition occurs in a minority of those who have repeated bouts of miliaria rubra?
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Miliaria profunda
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What vaccination should not be given to individuals or family members of those with atopic dermatitis?
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Smallpox
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What physiologic process causes urticaria?
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Release of histamine, bradykinin, kallikrein, or acetylcholine, resulting in intradermal edema and occasional leukocyte infiltration
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Which immunoglobulin is associated with urticaria?
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IgE
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What is the first line treatment for urticaria?
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Antihistamines
usually Hydroxyzine or diphenhydramine |
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When are glucocorticoids indicated for urticaria?
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Serious and refractory cases
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Which dermatitis affects only those previously sensitized to an irritant?
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Allergic contact dermatitis
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What type of hypersensitivity reaction is allergic contact dermatitis?
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Cell mediated type IV
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What are the most common allergens causing allergic contact dermatitis?
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Toxicodendron genus
Poison ivy, oak, sumac |
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Which dermatitis is associated with immunological abnormalities?
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Seborrheic dermatitis
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Nummular eczema takes what shape?
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Coin shaped
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Where is nummular eczema most commonly found?
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Arms & legs
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Nummular eczema starts as what and progresses to what?
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Starts as papules, coalesces into plaques
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What climate typically aggravates nummular eczema?
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Cold or dry
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What is the most common form of alopecia?
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Androgenic (pattern) baldness
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What are the drugs used for pattern baldness?
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Rogaine
Propecia (only in males) |
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For what form of alopecia is the pull test performed?
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Alopecia areata
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What systemic drugs are used to treat alopecia?
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Corticosteroids
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What illness is described as a transitory increase in the number of hairs in the telogen phase of the hair growth cycle?
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Telogen effluvium
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When does telogen effluvium usually occur?
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After pregnancy
Crash dieting High fever Stress Shock Surgery |
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What illness is a loss of functional melanocytes?
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Vitiligo
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What is the most effective treatment for vitiligo?
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Systemic phototherapy (70% success)
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What is melasma?
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An acquired hypermelanosis of sun-exposed areas
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What does melasma present as?
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Symmetric hyperpigmented macules
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What are the most common locations for melasma?
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Cheeks
Upper lip Chin Forehead |
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What is the name for melasma during pregnancy?
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Chloasma
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What must be avoided in the treatment of melasma?
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Sunlight
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Koebner's phenomenon is associated with what disease?
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Psoriasis
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Silvery scaled plaques on the elbows and knees is suggestive of what disease?
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Psoriasis
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What is the name for a benign fatty tumor?
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Lipoma
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What is the medical term for freckle?
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Solar lentigo
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Blue nevi are common in people of what descent?
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Asian
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Brown/black benign plaques with a velvety or warty surface are called what?
|
Seborrheic keratosis
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Actinic keratosis can develop into what cancer?
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Squamous cell
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What are the treatments for actinic keratosis?
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Liquid nitrogen OR
5-fluorouracil |
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What is the most important prognostic factor in malignant melanoma?
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Tumor thickness
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What may reduce recurrences of malignant melanoma?
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Alpha-interferon
Vaccine therapy |
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What are the most common cutaneous vascular proliferations?
|
Cherry hemangiomas
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Where do dermatofibromas usually develop?
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Lower legs
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What skin condition is included in the spectrum of fibroproliferative disorders?
|
Keloids
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