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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of anemia?
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Hemoglobin below the lower limit of normal
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What is the life span of an RBC?
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120 days
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What are RBCs dependent on for energy?
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Glycolysis
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What percentage of the bone marrow is cellular in a child?
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80-90%
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What percentage of the bone marrow is fat in a 70 year old?
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70%
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Kidney disease, chronic disease, bone marrow disorders, medications, and co-existing deficiencies are causes of what?
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A decreased retic count
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How long does it take for the blood to recover from a serious loss?
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1-3 days
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What antibiotics can suppress bone marrow formation?
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Bactrim
some cephalosporins |
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What food has the highest level of heme iron?
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Chicken liver
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Which iron is absorbed better, heme or non-heme?
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Heme
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What is the highest source of non-heme iron?
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Iron fortified cereal
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Hypochromic cells display what?
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Lots of central pallor
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What is koilonchyia?
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Spooning of fingernails
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What causes koilonchyia?
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Severe iron deficiency
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What is the most important part ("gold standard") of an iron profile?
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Ferritin
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What diseases will show an elevated ferritin level?
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Liver disease
infection inflammation malignancy |
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What is the normal range of serum ferritin?
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40-200 ng/ml
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What is the only clinical situation that would show low ferritin?
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Iron deficiency
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What is the serum iron carrier?
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Transferrin
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Transferrin is elevated or decreased in iron deficiency?
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Elevated
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Besides iron deficiency, what other two situations increase transferrin?
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Pregnancy
OCP use |
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What does the total iron binding capacity measure?
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Measure of transferrin-binding sites
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Is the TIBC elevated or decreased in iron deficiency?
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Elevated
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What level of % transferrin saturation is diagnostic of iron deficiency?
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less than 10%
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What level of % transferrin saturation is suggestive of hemochromatosis?
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Over 45%
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What is the most serious complication of hemochromatosis?
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Iron deposition in organs
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How do you treat iron deficiency?
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Treat underlying cause
Oral replacement Treat until iron stores are normalized |
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What are megaloblastic anemias characterized by?
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Defect in DNA synthesis resulting in unbalanced cell growth and impaired division
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What will the nucleus look like in the cell of a megaloblastic anemia?
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Immature-appearing nucleus
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What are the most common causes of megaloblastic anemia?
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B12 and folate deficiency
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What are the best dietary sources of B12?
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fish, eggs, poultry
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What is a beefy red tongue indicative of?
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B12 deficiency
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What is glossitis indicative of?
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iron deficiency
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What anemia causes neuropsychiatric manifestations?
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Pernicious anemia
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Peripheral neuropathies "stocking & gloves" are indicative of what anemia?
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Pernicious anemia
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What is the treatment for megaloblastic anemia?
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B12 IM 8 weeks, then monthly for life
Consider oral therapy with close monitoring Folate 1 mg PO daily |
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What parts of the iron profile are decreased in anemia of chronic disease?
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serum iron
TIBC |
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Intra-vascular hemolysis occurs where?
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In the blood vessels
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Extra-vascular hemolysis occurs where?
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RBCs cleared outside vessels, like in spleen or liver
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What labs are usually increased in hemolysis?
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LDH
Aspartate aminotransferase Bilirubin |
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Haptoglobin is increased or decreased in hemolysis?
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Decreased
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What is the role of haptoglobin?
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Scavenges free Hgb
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What does the DAT detect?
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Detects antibody coated RBCs
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What is the definition of a hemoglobinopathy?
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Normal synthesis of an abnormal globin chain
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What is thalassemia?
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Decreased synthesis of a normal globin chain
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What cells are present in the blood smear of thalassemia?
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Target cells
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What hemoglobin is present in sickle cell disease?
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Hgb S
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What is basophilic stippling?
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Inclusions composed of ribosomal RNA
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What diseases show basophilic stippling?
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Lead poisoning
Thalassemias Unstable hemoglobinopathies Dyserythropoiesis |
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What is polychromasia?
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Large number of retics on blood smear
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In what patients are Howell-Jolly bodies seen?
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Patients post-splenectomy
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What are the causes of macrocytic anemias?
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B12/folate deficiency
Myelodysplastic syndrome Liver disease Alcoholism Drugs (chemo, antivirals) Hypothyroidism |
