Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Acute leukemias comprise what percentage of all cancers?
|
3%
|
|
|
Acute leukemias comprise what percentage of all cancer-related deaths?
|
4%
|
|
|
Prior chemo, prior radiation, benzene exposure, and abnormal genetics are risk factors for what?
|
AML
|
|
|
What classes of chemo agent exposure are risk factors for AML?
|
Alkylating agents
Epipodophyllotoxins |
|
|
What do the labs usually show in AML?
|
Elevated WBC
Anemia Thrombocytopenia Neutropenia |
|
|
What are the physical symptoms of AML?
|
Fatigue
Petechial rash Persistent infections |
|
|
What is the test that diagnoses AML?
|
Bone marrow biopsy
|
|
|
What percentage of blasts is diagnostic of AML?
|
Greater/equal 20%
|
|
|
What distinct factor could be seen in the blood smear of an AML patient?
|
Auer rods
|
|
|
What test is performed to distinguish between AML and ALL?
|
Flow cytometry
|
|
|
What treatments are NOT used for AML?
|
Surgery
Radiation |
|
|
What drugs are used for AML induction therapy, and what is the duration of each?
|
Cytarabine 7 days
Daunorubicin 3 days Sometimes - Etoposide 3 days |
|
|
What is the initial test to tell if AML chemo is working
|
Examine day 14 (nadir) marrow
|
|
|
What test is examined after the nadir marrow to see if chemo is working for AML?
|
Count recovery - takes 2 weeks
|
|
|
If AML is still present after induction therapy, what treatment is used?
|
Cytarabine 5 days
Daunorubicin 2 days Sometimes - Etoposide 2 days |
|
|
What test is performed around the time an AML patient is ready to go home?
|
Recovery marrow
|
|
|
When a patient has "sludging" symptoms, what is usually the WBC count?
|
Above 75K
|
|
|
Chest pain, shortness of breath, headaches, and blurry vision are indicative of what in AML patients?
|
Leukostasis
"Sludging" symptoms |
|
|
What is the treatment for leukostasis?
|
Emergent leukopheresis
|
|
|
What drug is given for "booster" treatments of AML?
|
high dose Cytarabine (ara-C)
|
|
|
What are the poor prognostic factors for AML?
|
Increased age
Secondary AML -5, -7, 11q23 genetic abnormalities Not going into remission after induction therapy |
|
|
What are the good prognostic factors for AML?
|
APL
Genetic Inv(16) or t(16;16) t(8;21) |
|
|
What is the intermediate risk factor for AML?
|
Normal cytogenetics
|
|
|
What translocation is involved in 90% of APL cases?
|
t(15;17)
|
|
|
What leukemia is associated with risk of DIC?
|
APL
|
|
|
What is the treatment and duration of each drug for APL?
|
Cytarabine 7 days
Daunorubicin 4 days ATRA |
|
|
In APL, Chromosome 15 has what gene?
|
PML
|
|
|
In APL, chromosome 17 has what gene?
|
RARalpha gene
|
|
|
What is the MOA of retinoic acid?
|
Promotes normal promyelocyte differentiation
|
|
|
What does ATRA stand for?
|
All-trans retinoic acid
(Vitamin A) |
|
|
When ATRA is used, when is marrow taken?
|
Recovery marrow
Day 14 marrow skipped |
|
|
What are the positive effects of ATRA?
|
Decreases bleeding complications of APL & DIC
|
|
|
What are the side effects of ATRA?
|
Hyperleukocytosis
ATRA syndrome (differentiation syndrome) |
|
|
What are the symptoms of ATRA syndrome?
|
Fever
Pulmonary infiltrates Hypotension Dyspnea |
|
|
What causes ATRA syndrome?
|
Cytokines from granules
|
|
|
What is ATRA syndrome treated with?
|
2-3 days of decadron
|
|
|
Arsenic trioxide can be used to treat what leukemia?
|
APL
|
|
|
How long does treatment with arsenic trioxide last?
|
2 years
|
|
|
ALL comprises what percentage of all childhood malignancies?
|
30%
|
|
|
What is the 5 year survival rate for childhood ALL?
|
80%
|
|
|
What chromosome is associated with adult ALL?
|
Philadelphia chromosome
t(9;22) |
|
|
How long does all treatment for ALL last?
|
2 years
|
|
|
What leukemia commonly moves to the CNS?
|
ALL
|
|
|
Multiple lumbar punctures and intrathecal chemo are used in the treatment of what leukemia?
|
ALL
|
