Unit Vii

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Industrial Revolution

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Industrial Revolutionthe change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production

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James Hargreaves

Back 2

invented the Cotton Spinning Jenny in 1768 which allowed people to generate yarn in larger quantities with less labor

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Richard Arkwright

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This was a new spinning machine powered by water or horse; helped further increase yarn production

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James Watt

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A Scottish engineer who created the steam engine that worked faster and more efficiently than earlier engines

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Steam Engine

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external-combustion engine in which heat is used to raise steam which either turns a turbine or forces a piston to move up and down in a cylinder

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George stephenson

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This locomotive was used on the first public railway line, which opened in 1830, extending 32 miles from Liverpool to Manchester. It sped along at 16mph

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Railroad

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British industry which profited from the steam engine

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Crystal Palace

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A giant structure of cast iron and glass where over 100,000 exhibits were housed during The Great Exhibition.

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Thomas Malthus

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The Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus FRS was an English cleric and scholar, influential in the fields of political economy and demography. Malthus himself used only his middle name Robert.

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Iron law

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The iron law of wages is a proposed law of economics that asserts that real wages always tend, in the long run, toward the minimum wagenecessary to sustain the life of the worker. The theory was first named by Ferdinand Lassalle in the mid-nineteenth century.

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Other Industrialization behind Britian

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those first to be industrialized after Britain; by the 1840's belgium and french laborers were teaching their techniques to everyone east and south; france and the german states stablished a wide range of technical schools to train engineers

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The factory and how Europe tried to catch up to Britain

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it became the cheif means of organizeing labor for new machines. Employers started hireing people to run machines instead of to creat products. It demanded a new type of discipline from its employees (forced to work regular hours). These were often hard places to work because of the strict rules, people could easily be replaced, so owners often fined or fired workers for little things. The main values of these places were hard work, discipline and thrift;

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Condition

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machine noise could be deafening, poor lighting and ventilation, frequent fires and accidents were caused by fatigue, faulty equipment, and careless training

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Luddites

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These were the angry old cottage industry workers who lost their jobs and costumers to machines and as a result, they began to secretly destroy the machines

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Living conditions in relation to population growth

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caused by Agricultural innovation brought on by the need to feed more people. The new amounts of food being produced kept people more healthy and allowed for a lower mortality rate and a longer life expectancy. The trend is important because it allowed for the development of agriculture

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Robert Owen

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(1771-1858) British cotton manufacturer believed that humans would reveal their true natural goodness if they lived in a cooperative environment

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Factory Act

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Passed by Parliament in 1819. Forbade employment of children under nine. Limited work day of children over nine to 12 hours. Banned employment of women/children in mining.

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Middle Class

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in a society stratified by social class, a group of people who have a low level of wealth, income, and prestige, such as industrial and factory workers, office workers, clerks, and farm and manual laborers

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Combination Acts

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These were the laws passed by the Parliament that prohibited the English people from forming a union

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Grand Nation Consolidated Trade Unions

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Formed in 1834 as a national federation of trade unions, whose primary purposes was to coordinate a general strike for the eight-hour working day. It broke up the summer of the same year it was formed because it didnt have enough support from the working class.