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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Eternal Coating - viral structure |
capsid, envelope |
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No Envelope? |
naked virus |
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virion |
fully formed virus that is able to establish an infection in a host cell |
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Icosahedral Capsid |
three-d, 20 sided figure with 13 evenly spaced corners |
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Complex Capsid |
found in bacteriophage, shape is not symmetrical |
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Enveloped Viruses |
take some of the host cell membrane in the form of an envelope |
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Glycoproteins and Envelopes |
remain exposed as spikes |
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Genome |
the sum total of the genetic information carried by an organism |
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Genome - carry |
DNA or RNA, NEVER both |
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Adsorption |
specific attachment |
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Penetration |
entry of viral genome |
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Uncoating |
release of viral genome |
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Synthesis |
new viral products made |
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Assembly |
new viruses are made in the cell |
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Release |
often cause the host cell to lyse |
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Adsorption - how it works |
adsorbs specifically to receptor sites on the cell membrane |
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Endocytosis
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entire virus engulfed by cell and enclosed in a vacuole/vesicle
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Enveloped Viruses - liberated by |
budding or exocytosis |
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Non-enveloped/Complex |
released when the cell lyses or ruptures |
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Ebola - how to get infected |
enter another persons body through broken skin or unprotected mucous membranes |
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Antivirals - Ebola |
still being tested |
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Ebola - interventions |
providing IV fluids, maintaining oxygen status and blood pressure, treat other infections if they occur |
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Influenza - target |
respiratory tissue in host |
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Dead Host = |
reduced spread |
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Hemagglutinin; 18 variants |
mediating attachment and subsequent entry of the virus into the host |
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Neuraminidase; 11 variants |
a receptor destroying enzyme, allows virus to exit hose and spread |
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Antigenic Drift |
mutation of genes, altered binding by antibodies, slower process |
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Antigenic Shift |
gene reassortment, co-infections, rapid process |
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Epidemics - cause |
low level persistence of viruses, seeding from epidemics in other regions |
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New Antigenic Variants = |
new vaccinations |
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Antigenic Drift/Variant = |
requires new seasonal influenza vaccine each year |
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Hybrid Virus |
genetic sequences from two separate monkey viruses |
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Disease |
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
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HIV Transmission |
sexual intercourse, blood products, IV drug use, placenta during pregnancy, breast milk |
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HIV Transmission - rectal |
rectal epithelium does not provide good physical protection against potential trauma
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HIV - natural resistance |
a small number of people have mutations in T-cell surface receptors |
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Multiple Antigenic Variants - over a long time.. |
a vaccine may protect against one but not another |
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"Universal Antigen" |
a component of a virus that never changes, antibodies can recognize |
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Stopping HIV |
if transmission is reduced so each infected person only tram its one or fewer time, the disease goes extinct |
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