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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nose and Mouth |
- air entry - in nose air is warmed, moistened, filtered as it flows over mucous memebrane |
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Pharynx (throat) |
- from back of nose and mouth air enters -passageway for air and food - air from mouth enters oral part(oropharynx) -air from nose enters nasal part(nasopharynx) -lower end divides into two; 1)esophagus: leads to stomach 2)trachea(windpipe: leads to lungs |
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trachea and Larynx |
-trachea carrie air from nose & mouth to lungs -larynx(voicebox/adams apple) felt at front of throat |
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epiglottis |
-small leaf shaped flap protects trachea - flap covers entry of larynx so food and liquid cant enter - with an injury they could aspirate(inhale) blood, liquid, into trachea an lungs causing suffocation |
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bronchi and lungs |
-two large (respiration) -within lungs bronchus divide into smaller bronchioles(branches of tree) -ends of bronchioles are tiny air sacs of alveoli -alveolus enclosed in capillaries exchange oxygen and co2
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diaphragm |
-dome shaped(breathing) -seperates thoracic from abdominal cavity |
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breathing rate of patients |
infant- up to 60 breaths per minute child- 20-40 breaths per minute adult- 12-20 breaths per minute |
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differences between adult and child |
-structures are smaller and easily obstructed -tongue takes up more space in pharynx, can block airway more easily - trachea is narrower,softer and more flexible - chest walls are softer, tend to rely on diaphragm for breathing |
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lung compliance |
ability of lungs to stretch during change in volume. breathing as mechanical process depends on pressure changes in chest cavity |
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disease processes |
-lower compliance- lead to stiffer lungs, extra work to bring air in ex) fibrosis, scar tissue deposits in the lungs -higher compliance- over strecthing of lungs,ex) COPD, ephysyma - the elastic ability of lungs to return normal state is reduced making exhaling harder |
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airway resistance |
-expressing air flow in an out of lungs - how easily air can pass through the passageways ex) allergies, pneumonia, asthma, can obstruct air flow to alveoli |
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hemoglobin |
-large protein found in red blood cells contains iron - gas exchange at alveoli, oxygen can flow from lungs into blood stream |
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factors affecting oxygen capacity in the blood |
-low iron, smaller # of hemoglobin molecules available -blood loss, smaller # of red blood cells= smaller hemoglobin |
