Unit One Key Terms

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1. PLYMOUTH COLONY:

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Who: Founded by separatists or later called pilgrims
What: An English colonial venture
Where: North America; Massachusetts
Significance: It was one of the first settlements founded at New Plymouth. It was also place of refuge where you could practice your worship of god as you saw fit.

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2. MAYFLOWER COMPACT 1620

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Who: Written by colonists that later together were known as the pilgrims who crossed the Atlantic abroad the mayflower.
What: Was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony
Where: Within the Plymouth Colony.
Significance: This was the first governing document of the Plymouth Colony.

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3. HEADRIGHT SYSTEM

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Who: The Virginia Company of London as well as the Plymouth Company.
What: A legal grant of land to settlers given to anyone willing to cross the Atlantic Ocean and help populate the colonies.
Where: Used in Jamestown, Virginia.
Significance: an attempt to solve labor shortages as well as a way to attract immigrants.

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4. FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT 1639:

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Who: adopted by the Connecticut Colony council on January 14, 1638
What: Orders were to describe the government set up by the Connecticut river towns, setting its structure and powers.
Where: The Connecticut Colony.
Significance: It earned Connecticut the nickname: The Constitution State.

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5. MERCANTILISM:

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Who: Economic theory
What: is the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of goods
Where: Encouraged most of the European wars and fueled European imperialism
Significance: it was the dominant school of thought throughout the early modern period (from 16th to 18th century)

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6. TRIANGULAR TRADE:

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Who:
What: Three trading ports or regions where trade occurred; carried slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods
Where: West Africa, the Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers
Significance: Goods, cash crops, and slaves were able to be exported throughout Europe.

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7. THE GREAT AWAKENING:

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Who:
What: Time where there was rapid revival of religions
Where: North America
Significance: it changed the American politics and culture

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8. IRON ACT 1750:

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Who- British
What- one of trade and navigation acts, supposed to hold back iron industry in America to not be able to compete with British and keep supplying them with raw materials and pig iron and iron bars.
Where-American colonies
Sign-pig iron and iron bars increased in exports to England.

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9. INDENTURED SERVANTS:

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Who- People unable to pay debts.
What- worked fro free for the person who they owed to for a period of time until debt was paid.
Where- All around the world. In America during 17th and 18th centuries.
Sign- the early beginning of slavery, also helped boost tobacco economy.

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10. GEORGE WASHINGTON:

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Who: George Washington
What: Great American leader, first president of the United States.
Where: North America
Significance: He was a major figure in the American government and politics.

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11. PROCLAMATION OF 1763:

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Who: King George III
What: the king established a proclamation on American empire after the seven years war (created a boundary line). With the purpose of organizing the empire and stabilize relations with Native Americans though regulation of trade, settlements, and land purchases from the western frontier.
Where: North America and new acquired territories
Significance: Improved relations between natives and colonists. Established that natives indeed had right to lands.

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12. SALUTARY NEGLECT:

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Who: Robert Waldorpe established it.
What: British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of Parliament laws. “If no restrictions were placed on the colonies they would flourish.”
Where: North America
Significance: Was the start of Americans making their own restrictions and laws ultimately ending in the revolution.

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13. Stamp Act

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Who: British
What: required for American colonists to purchase stamps in order to transfer certain documents. It was done without colonists’ consent. Intended for raising money in order to rebalance British economy.
Where: North America
Significance: Americans started realizing they didn’t like to be taxed by other people but their own assemblies. They were being taxed without their consent.

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14. STAMP ACT CONGRESS:

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Who: British
What: law enacted by a government that requires a tax to be paid on the transfer of certain documents, British were taxing stamps

Where: North America
Significance: Americans started realizing they didn’t like to be taxed by other people but their own assemblies. They were being taxed without their consent.

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15. SONS OF LIBERTY:

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Who: American patriots against taxation acts.
What: they rebelled and burned stamps and tea.
Where: North America
Significance: Significant group of rebels in American pre-revolution

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16. COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE:

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Who: colonists
What: bodies organized by the local governments of the thirteen colonies before the American Revolution. For the purposes of coordinating written communication outside of the colony
Where: North America
Significance: the beginning of what later became a formal political union among the colonies

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17. Boston Massacre

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Who: British soldiers and colonists
What: Incident in 1770 in Massachusetts, led to the death of five civilians. Soldiers fired them because the situation was getting out of control with them trying to protect the building and the civilians trying to do the opposite.
Where: Massachusetts, at the Customs house.
Significance: helped spark the rebellion in North American colonies ultimately ending in the revolution.

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18. INTOLERABLE (COERCIVE) ACTS 1774:

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Who: Parliament
What: laws passed by parliament in 1774, The Boston port act, the Massachusetts government act, the administration government act, the quartering act, and the Quebec act.
Where: North American colonies
Significance: many Americans saw them as a violation of their constitutional rights. Led to the American Revolution

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19. SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 1775:

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Who:delegates from the Thirteen Colonies
What: a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that met
Where: in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Significance: It succeeded the First Continental Congress;managed the colonial war effort, and moved slowly towards independence, adopting the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4th 1776

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20. NORTHWEST ORDINANCE:

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Who:Congress of the Confederation of the United States.
What: was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States.
Where: Northwest Territory;south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River.
Significance:The primary effect of the ordinance was the creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States out of the region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River.

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21. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE:

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Who: Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson; congress
What: a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire
Where:
Significance: formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. The birthday of the United States of America—Independence Day—is celebrated on July 4, the day the wording of the Declaration was approved by Congress.

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22. COMMON SENSE:

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Who:a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine
What: a pamphlet that presented the American colonists with a powerful argument for independence from British rule at a time when the question of independence was still undecided.
Where:
Significance: wrote and reasoned in a style that common people understood

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23. SHAYS REBELLION:

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Who: The rebellion is named after Daniel Shays, a veteran of the American Revolution who led the rebels, known as "Shaysites" or "Regulators".
What: an armed uprising in central and western Massachusetts (mainly Springfield) from 1786 to 1787
Where: central and western Massachusetts (mainly Springfield)
Significance: Seeking debt relief through the issuance of paper currency and lower taxes, they attempted to prevent the courts from seizing property from indebted farmers by forcing the closure of courts in western Massachusetts.

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24. IMPLIED POWERS (ELASTIC CLAUSE):

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Who: Hamilton produced what has now become the classic statement for implied powers.
What: those powers authorized by a legal document which, while not stated, are deemed to be implied by powers expressly stated.
Where:
Significance:defend the constitutionality of the measure against the protests

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25. GREAT COMPROMISE:

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Who:
What: an agreement between large and small states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution.
Where:
Significance:

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26. Decloratory

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Who
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27. Quartering

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Who
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28. Townshend Act

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Who
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29. Tea Act

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30. Boston Tea Party

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Who:
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31. Coercive acts

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Who:
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32. Mutiny Act

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33. Samuel Adams

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Who:
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King William’s War:

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Who:
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Queen Anne’s War:

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Peace of Utrecht:

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War of Jenkin’s Ear:

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Paxton Boys:

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Who:
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Grenville’s Program:

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Who:
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Patrick Henry:

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Who:
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SONS OF LIBERTY:

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Who:
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Daughters of Liberty:

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Who:
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Crispus Attucks:

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John Adams:

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Carolina Regulators:

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Battle of the Alamance:

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FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, 1774:

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Who: by the British Parliament, the Congress was attended by 56 members appointed by the legislatures of twelve of the Thirteen Colonies, the exception being the Province of Georgia, which did not send delegates
What: response to the passage of the Coercive Acts (also known as Intolerable Acts by the Colonial Americans)
Where:at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
When: met on September 5, 1774
Significance:

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Suffolk Resolves:

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Galloway Plan:

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LEXINGTON AND CONCORD, APRIL 19, 1775:

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Paul Revere, William Dawes:

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Who:
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SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS:

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Who:delegates from the thirteen colonies
What:convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies
Where:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
When:May 10, 1775
Significance:organize the defense of the colonies at the onset of the American Revolutionary War.

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Slavery clause in the Declaration of Independence:

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Who:
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Somerset Case (in Great Britain):

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Who:
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Quock Walker case- Mass:

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Benedict Arnold:

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Continental Army:

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Who:
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Native Americans in the Revolutionary War:

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Black Americans in the Revolutionary War:

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Who:
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Bill of Rights

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who:Pariliament
what:a list of the rights that are considered important and essential by a nation
where:
when:was passed by parliament in 1689
significance:to protect those rights against infringement by the government

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Quebec Act

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who:
what:an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain setting procedures of governance in the Province of Quebec
where:Province of Quebec(one of the thirteen colonies)
when:1774
significance:new model for British colonial administration, which would strip the colonies of their elected assemblies, and promote the Roman Catholic faith in preference to widely-held Protestant beliefs. It also limited opportunities for colonies to expand on their western frontiers, by granting most of the Ohio Country to the province of Quebec.