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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the climate of a deciduous forest? |
Temperate |
The Case Study is: NEW FOREST (HAMPSHIRE) |
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what are the uses of a deciduous forest? |
- Logging - Walking - Birdwatching - Educational visits - Cycling |
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What strategies are used in a deciduous forest? |
- More bins - Gravelled floor and foot paths (to keep it sturdy for walking) - Information signs and centres - Cycle lanes - Dogs must be kept on a leash |
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Where is New Forest located? |
Hampshire - UK |
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What are the adaptations of a deciduous forest? |
- Lichens and moss - Bluebells - Broad leaves - Brown Earth (fertile soil) |
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What is the case study used for fold mountains? |
The Alps |
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What are the adaptations of fold mountains? |
- Cable carts - Tunnels underground (Lotschberg Base Tunnel) - Mountain goats moved up mountains (Steep-relief) - Separation of goats from crops |
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Where are the Alps located? |
The Alps pass through Italy, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Austria, Switzerland and Europe. |
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What are the uses of the Alps? |
- Tourism - Logging - Mining - HEP (hydro electric power) - Farming |
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Outline the formation of a fold mountain. |
1) Debris is deposited in the sea bed 2) Build up leads to compression 3) Compression results in sedimentary rock being formed 4) Destructive plate margins collide 5) The upthrust created pushes the rock up leaving a young mountain (fold mountain) |
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What case study is to be used when referring to a volcanic eruption? |
Montserrat |
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What was the cause of the Montserrat volcanic eruption? |
- A DESTRUCTIVE plate margin - When the Atlantic plate was forced under the Caribbean. |
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What date did the volcano erupt? |
25th June 1997 |
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What were the primary effects of the Montserrat eruption? |
- 20 villages were destroyed - The capital Plymouth was covered in Ash - Schools and services were destroyed - 7 injured - 19 dead - Airport was destroyed |
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What were the secondary effects of the Montserrat eruption? |
-12,000 people had to leave - Farmland was destroyed - Fertile soil was created from the nutrients in the ash - Central petrol station destroyed - It became a tourist attraction |
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What preparation was there for Montserrat? |
The volcano was monitored. |
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What were the immediate responses of Montserrat eruption? |
- 17 million was given from the UK - People were evacuated from SOUTH TO NORTH - Emergency services rescued people |
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What were the long term responses of the Montserrat eruption? |
- MVO (Montserrat volcanic observatory) was set up - An exclusion zone was set up - £41 million was given from the UK |
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What is the case study used for a super volcano? |
Yellow Stone, USA |
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What are the characteristics of a super volcano? |
- Low - Flat - Can only be seen from outer space - Covers a vast amount of land - Once erupted a caldera (dent in ground) is left behind |
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How is a super volcano formed? |
1) Magma rises and forms a magma chamber 2) Because there is so much, it begins to spread to either side 3) Due to the increased amount, the land above rises too, and eventually cracks (slightly) 4) Gas is released from the cracks/small vents and the magma chamber shrinks 5) The land above (bridge) collapses leaving a caldera (dent in the ground) |
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What are the global effects of a super volcano eruption? |
- Mini ice age (ash covers the sun) - Pyroclastic flows (destroy everything) - Communication and transport stopped - Ash clouds would result in breathing difficulties -Crops would die out -Massive tourism decline |
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What earthquake took place in an MEDC area? (case study) |
La'quila - Italy |
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What was the cause of the Italy earthquake? |
A DESTRUCTIVE plate margin |
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What preparation took place in La'quila? |
- Construction standards were met (earthquake-proof buildings) - Volunteers were trained |
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List the primary effects of the MEDC earthquake. |
- 290 deaths - Bridge collapse in FOSSA - Water burst in PAGANICA |
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List the secondary effects of the MEDC earthquake. |
- Aftershocks - Fires - Landslides |
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What were the immediate responses to the MEDC earthquake? |
- Campsites were put up -Emergency services helped - French army helped rescues - Government paid for bills -Diggers were used |
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List the long-term responses of La'quila's earthquake. |
-An investigation was conducted - A whole new town was built (prime minister's request) |
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What earthquake occurred in an LEDC? |
Kashmir, PAKISTAN |
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What preparation was in place at the time for the LEDC earthquake? |
-There was no disaster planning - Poor communication - No earthquake-proof buildings |
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What were the primary effects of the LEDC earthquake? |
- 80,000 deaths - 3 million homeless - Water and electricity cut off - Lots injured |
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List the secondary effects of the LEDC earthquake. |
-Landslides -Diarrhoea -Roads blocked - Freezing weather= more deaths too |
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Immediate responses to the LEDC earthquake were... |
-That there was no help for weeks - Tents and blankets were given - The international aid was relied on - There was international rescue - People were rescued by hand |
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What were Kashmir's long-term responses? |
- A new health centre was built - 40,000 were relocated - Government gave money - Volunteers were trained - REBUILDING BEGAN |
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What case study is used when referring to a tsunami? |
INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI |
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What date did the Indian ocean tsunami occur? |
26th December 2004 |
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What did the Indian ocean measure on the richter scale? |
9.1 |
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What was the cause of the Indian ocean tsunami? |
A DESTRUCTIVE plate margin (Indian ocean) |
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What preparation was in place for this tsunami? |
There was no preparation, this is why it was so serious. |
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List the primary effects of the Indian Ocean tsunami. |
- 230,000 people died - 1.7 million people became homeless |
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List the secondary effects of the Indian ocean tsunami. |
- Fishermen lost their livelihoods - 5 million people needed medical care - The salty sea water had damaged the coral reefs -Tourism declined |
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What were the immediate responses of the Indian ocean tsunami? |
- Foreign army sent in to help - Foreign transport too - The UK gave £41 million -Evacuation -Rescue |
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List the long-term responses of the Indian ocean tsunami. |
- New laws - Rebuilding - Warning system set up -Trained volunteers - 4.5 billion was gained from other countries (worldwide) |
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What case study is used when referring to a tropical rainforest? |
THE AMAZON |
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What are the main causes of deforestation? |
- 60% cattle ranches - 33% subsistence farming - 3% logging - 3% mining - 1% commercial farming |
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What are the social effects of deforestation? |
-Brazilian rubber tappers lost their livelihoods - Native tribes were forced to move out (GUARANI TRIBE) - Conflicts with landowners - In 2009 there were riots in Peru - Hundreds of natives were killed |
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What are the economical effects of deforestation? |
- Farming makes money. Brazil made $6.9 billion in 2008. - Mining creates jobs- 3,000 people work in the mining industry - Local tribes who make money from the Amazon, would lose money |
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What are the environmental effects of deforestation? |
- Habitats are destroyed - Contaminated water - Loss of biodiversity - Endangered species have risen from 220 to 630 - 100 billion tonnes of carbon in the Amazon (means an increase in global warming) - More soil erosion - Less nutrients for soil - Kills fish |
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What is the LEDC case study used for a desert and what is the location? |
KALAHARI DESERT, BOTSWANA, AFRICA |
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Climate of a desert is... |
- Hot - Dry - Little rainfall |
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What are the strategies to deal with the effects left behind in the Mojave desert. |
-Mojave water agency give vouchers if efficient appliances are bought -People paid to remove lawns so water is conserved -4 national parks have been opened: Death Valley Grand canyon Joshua tree Zion -Designated roads for off road driving -Drip Irrigation to conserve water |
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