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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two different things that make the reproduction system different from other systems in the body?
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1. you do not need it to survive
2. They systems are different in Males and Females. |
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What is the main function of the Male Reproduction System?
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To produce Sperm
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Where is Sperm Made?
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In the Testes
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Testes are located where?
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Outside the body
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What happens in the seminiferous tubules?
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Where sperm is made
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What happens in the epididymis?
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Sperm Mature
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What is the function of the Vans Deferens?
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To Transport sperm back into the body
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What Happens in the Ampulla?
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Sperm is Stored for 4 months
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What is the order of ducts in the testes?
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1. Seminiferous Tubules
2. Epididymis 3.Vas Deferens 4. Ampulla 5. Ejaculatory Duct 6. Urethra |
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What are the 3 important accessory glands in the male reproductive system?
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Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland Bulbourethral |
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What are the supporting structures of the male reproductive system?
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scrotum
penis cremaster muslce |
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Describe the scrotum and it's functions.
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- Sac that houses the testicles
- Each test is housed in each scrotum - Has a connective tissue septum |
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What is a Raphe?
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- external ridge on scrotum
- surgical landmark |
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What is the Dartos Muscle - and what is it's function?
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- outside layer-deep to skin layer in scrotum
- when contracted, sac raises up closer to the body |
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What is the Cremaster Muscle and what is it's function?
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- located around the base of the testes
- when contracted, pulls up the testes |
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What are the other functions does the Dartos Muscle and Cremaster Muscle provide?
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Controls Temperature in the testes.
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Describe the testes
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- Typically a pair
- Major male reproductive glan - Both endocrine and exocrine gland |
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What is Tunica Albuginea?
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- Connective tissue inside each teste
- Forms compartments which grown into center |
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What is an incomplete septa?
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- Forms compatements called Lobule
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What is Spermatogenesis?
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The Process of Making Sperm
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What are the supporting structures of the male reproductive system?
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scrotum
penis cremaster muslce |
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Describe the scrotum and it's functions.
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- Sac that houses the testicles
- Each test is housed in each scrotum - Has a connective tissue septum |
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What is a Raphe?
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- external ridge on scrotum
- surgical landmark |
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What is the Dartos Muscle - and what is it's function?
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- outside layer-deep to skin layer in scrotum
- when contracted, sac raises up closer to the body |
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What is the Cremaster Muscle and what is it's function?
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- located around the base of the testes
- when contracted, pulls up the testes |
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What are the other functions does the Dartos Muscle and Cremaster Muscle provide?
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Controls Temperature in the testes.
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Describe the testes
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- Typically a pair
- Major male reproductive glan - Both endocrine and exocrine gland |
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What is Tunica Albuginea?
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- Connective tissue inside each teste
- Forms compartments which grown into center |
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What is an incomplete septa?
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- Forms compatements called Lobule
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What is Spermatogenesis?
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The Process of Making Sperm
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Leydid Cells
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- Makes Testosterone
- Testosterone is required for spermatogenesis to occure |
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Explain the Blood/Testes Barrier
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Helps prevent dads blood with mixing in with the sperm. Blood will kill sperm because body markers are different from dads.
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What are Sertoli Cells
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Nuture the sperm while being developed
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What is Spermatogenesis
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The process of taking a diploid germ cell through a special cell division called Meiosis, for hapliod spermatids
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What is a diploid
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A Pair of Chromosomes
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What is Meiosis
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2 Divisions
Generates 4 cells into the lumen 4 cells are called spermatids |
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What is the 1st Germ Cell in Males called?
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Spermatogoniam
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What generates two identical cells?
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Mitosis
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What happens in G1 phase?
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- one cell stays a germ cell
- one cell goes through meiosis |
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What happens in S phase?
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- DNA Replication
- copy of each chromosome - Centromere holds them together - Called primary spermocyte |
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What is reduction division
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Meiosis I
diploid to haploid |
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What happens in Prophase I
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- nuclear envelope disappers
- Centrioles move to opposit ends of the cell - Forms Mionic Spindle - Chromosome pairs attach randomly to spindle fibers |
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What is Synapsis?
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- Chromosome fibers flip over and sit ontop of each other
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What is Crossing Over
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Two chromosomes switch parts with each other then pull back apart
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What happens in Metaphase I
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chromosome pairs line up down the center of the cell
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What happens in Anaphase I
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chromosome airs spread apart and move to spposite ends of the cell
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What happens in Telephase I
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Generate haplid cells
Secondary Spermatocytes |
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What is a different name for equational division
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Meiosis II
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What happens in Prophase II
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chromosomes randomly attach to spindle fibers
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What happens in Metophase II
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chromosomes line up in cneter of the cell
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What happens in Anaphase II
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- Centromere disengenerates chromosomes are pulled to opposite side of the cell
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What happens in Telephase II
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Spermatids are created
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Describe the functions of Seminiferious Tubules
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Spermatogenesis takes place
64 -74 days to make sperm |
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list the functions of the epididymis
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spermatids mature
called spermiogenesis cell enters and elongates into head of sperm - other organells ger pused into mid-piece grow flagellum - and get acrosome cap |
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list the route the sperm takes
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- seminiferous tubules
- Epidiymis - Vas Deferens - Connects to prostate and ejaculatory duct - to urethra and out of the body |
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describe the functions of the Urethra
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- common tube
- terminal duct for urinary and reproduction systems - urine is acidic - sperm must have alkaline environment |
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Describe the Seminal Vesicles
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- located superior to the Ampulla
- Secretions come in at the distal end of the Ampulla |
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Describe the Secretions of the Seminal Vesicle
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- Highly Alkaline
- Contain Fructose (for energy) - Contain Clotting Factors |
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Describe the clotting factor that are produced by the Seminal Vesicles
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- Makes Secretions thick (viscus)
- Keeps sperm contained in a tight ball, to protect some of the sperm from the acidic vagina |
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Describe Prostaglandins
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little hormones that help sperm viability and motility
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Describe the Prostate Gland
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- Inferior to Urinary Bladder
- Acidic but becomes Alkaline |
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Describe the secretions of the Prostate Gland
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- load into urethra and combines with sperm/seman
- contain citric acid - contain a natural antibiotic |
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Describe Citric Acid
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- used as an energy source to make ATP
- contains different clotting factors - contains special enzymes that break down clotting proteins, to release the sperm once in the vagina |
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list the facts of life dealing with the prostate gland
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- enlarges as a man gets older
- can push bladder up developing pockets that urine gets trapped in resulting in UTI's - can constrict urethra |
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what is PSA
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a blood test done to determine prostate cancer
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Prostate Cancer
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removal of prostate can make a man sterile
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list the characteristics of the Bulbourethral Gland
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- inferior to prostate gland
- activated during sexual arousal - produce highly alkaline secretions |
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What are the 3 columns of tissues called in the penis?
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Corpora cavernosa
corpus spongiosum |
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What is foreskin/prepuce
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Flap of skin that surrounds the head of the penis
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What is a circumcision
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Removal of the foreskin
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What is a nosocomial infection
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infection received in the hospital
no treatment |
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how does an erection occur
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Parasympathetic makes arteries in Penis vasodilate causing blood to fill tissues causing an erection
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What does the sympathetic system do
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When they communicate with the arteries, the artery vasoconstricts, reducing the amount of blood
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What are the two parts of ejaculation
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Emission and Expulsion
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What is Emission
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The process of loading seman into the urethra
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What is Peristalsis
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Alternating contractions and relaxation of longnatudial and circular muscle layers of a tube wall, that move substances in one direction through a tube
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Explain Expulsion
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- under the control of the sympathetic system
- makes various muscles contract expelling seman out of the body |
