Unit Four - Bio 222

Front 1

Microbe Distribution

Back 1

can influence chance of encountering microbe

Front 2

Microbe Abundance

Back 2

can influence likelihood of infection

Front 3

Autotroph

Back 3

uses inorganic CO2 as its carbon source

Front 4

Heterotroph

Back 4

must obtain carbon in organic form

Front 5

Chemotroph

Back 5

use organic molecules

Front 6

Phototroph

Back 6

use light

Front 7

Lithotroph

Back 7

use inorganic molecules like H2S

Front 8

Aerobes

Back 8

use oxygen for metabolism, and have antioxidants

Front 9

Facultative Anaerobe

Back 9

optimal growth in O2, but can grow without O2

Front 10

Microaerophile

Back 10

grows at lower O2 concentrations

Front 11

Anaerobes

Back 11

don't have metabolic enzymes for using O2

Front 12

Obligate Anaerobes

Back 12

are killed by O2

Front 13

Aerotolerant

Back 13

dont respire O2 but can survive in environments with oxygen

Front 14

culture

Back 14

a population of bacteria grown in defined medium and defined conditions in a laboratory

Front 15

pure culture

Back 15

growth of a single, known species

Front 16

mixed culture

Back 16

holds two or more species

Front 17

contaminated culture

Back 17

includes unwanted microbes, usually introduced inappropriately

Front 18

Inoculation

Back 18

adding a small amount of sample (ex: urine) to media to grow a culture

Front 19

Morphology

Back 19

different species form colonies with distinct characteristics

Front 20

Colony Morphology

Back 20

different species of microbes have distinct colony morphologies

Front 21

Differential Media

Back 21

contain chemicals that allow distinction of different types of bacteria based on colony morphology

Front 22

Red Colonies

Back 22

ferment lactose

Front 23

Yellow Colonies

Back 23

dont ferment lactose

Front 24

Selective Media

Back 24

media that prevents growth of a specific group of microbes, while allowing growth of others

Front 25

Enriched Media

Back 25

contain complex organic molecules for the growth of fastidious microbes

Front 26

Fastidious Microbes

Back 26

complex nutrient requirements (ex: vitamins, growth factors)

Front 27

Biochemical Tests

Back 27

different species of bacteria have different enzymes

Front 28

Biochemical Tests - identify

Back 28

identify bacteria based on the enzymes they produce

Front 29

Immunological Tests

Back 29

use antibodies to detect specific surface antigens that are found on a particular microbe

Front 30

Agglutination

Back 30

culture-dependent technique that is widely used for indentification

Front 31

Agglutination - detect/bind

Back 31

antibodies detect and bind specific surface antigens on microbes

Front 32

Staining and Microscopy

Back 32

bacterial cells are translucent, require staining to be visible

Front 33

Staining and Microscopy - positive

Back 33

stains the bacteria

Front 34

Staining and Microscopy - negative

Back 34

stains the background

Front 35

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Back 35

technique to amplify small amount of DNA with specific sequence

Front 36

DNA Sequencing

Back 36

direct identification by sequencing all DNA in a sample

Front 37

Disinfection

Back 37

destroys most microbial life, reducing contamination on inanimate surfaces

Front 38

Antisepsis

Back 38

destroys most microbial life, reducing contamination on a living surface

Front 39

Sterilization

Back 39

the destruction of all microbial life

Front 40

Viruses

Back 40

don't need food, don't need water

Front 41

Bacterial Spores

Back 41

some gram-pos, don't need food, strong protein coat protects genetic material and enzymes inside

Front 42

Gram-Positive

Back 42

thick cell wall, resiist desiccation

Front 43

Eukaryotes

Back 43

protozoan cysts, fungal spores, strong protein coats, don't need water

Front 44

Highest Resistance

Back 44

bacterial endospores, prions

Front 45

Moderate Resistance

Back 45

protozoan cysts, fungal sexual spores, naked viruses, resistant bacteria

Front 46

Least Resistance

Back 46

most growing bacterial cells, growing eukaryotic cells, enveloped viruses, yeasts

Front 47

Microbe - dead

Back 47

many of them don't move, most of them don't have obvious moving parts

Front 48

Native State

Back 48

the functional three-dimensional form of a protein

Front 49

Denatured

Back 49

when the proteins native state has been disrupted

Front 50

Mode of Action - moist

Back 50

coagulation and denaturation

Front 51

Mode of Action - dry

Back 51

remove water from organisms, incineration

Front 52

Pasteurization

Back 52

heat is applied to liquids to kill potential agents of infection

Front 53

Ionizing Radiation - ionzing

Back 53

enough energy to liberate electrons from their atoms

Front 54

Decontamination: Filtration

Back 54

good for removing cells, non-denaturating

Front 55

-

Back 55

-