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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Identify the three functions of the nervous system |
Sensory function - receive stimuli Integrative function - process/analyze/recognize Motor function - take appropriate action |
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Identify the two main divisions of the nervous system |
Central nervous system (CNS) - consists of the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - consists mostly of nerves |
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Identify the three main organs of the nervous system |
Brain Spinal cord Nerves |
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Differentiate between neuroglia and neurons |
Neurons carry electrical impulses Neuroglia protect and nourish (but do NOT carry electrical impulses) |
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Differentiate between sensory and motor neurons |
Sensory neurons carry information to the brain Motor neurons carry instructions to various parts of the body |
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Define dendrites, axon, and myelin sheath |
Dendrites receive impulses Myelin sheath - fatty insulation of the axon Axon - transmit the impulse Axons covered in myelin sheath = myelinated axons or white matter Axons not covered in myelin sheath = non-myelinated axons or grey matter |
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Identify what a synapse is |
A synapse is the gap between 2 neurons, which never touch |
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Identify the main part of the brain |
Cerebrum |
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The brain is divided into ____ and ____ hemispheres |
Left and right |
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Identify the structure that is deep in the center of the brain and what its function is |
Thalamus - acts as a relay station |
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Identify the function of the hypothalamus |
Regulates temperature, appetite, thirst, and emotion |
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Identify the function of the cerebellum |
Involved in balance and muscle coordination |
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Identity the purpose of the cerebrospinal fluid in the brain |
Provides cushioning and acts as a shock absorber |
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Identify the purpose of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
Carry electrical impulses to the various organs and muscles. Involved in senses such as sight and hearing. |
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Identify the different structures of the external ear, middle ear, and inner ear |
External ear: Pinnacle, ear canal, tympanic membrane (eardrum) Middle ear: ossicles Inner ear: cochlea |
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Identify the ossicles and their function |
The ossicles of the middle ear are the smallest bones in the body. They are the hammer, anvil, and stirrup (H. A. S). They relay sound vibrations to the inner ear. |
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Which area of the ear equalizes ear pressure? |
Eustachian |
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Differentiate between an otolaryngolosist and an audiologist |
Otolaryngolosists specialize in the care of the ear. Audiologist specialize in the study of hearing. |
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Identify the different pathologies of the ear |
Tinnitus - ringing in the ears Otitis media - infection of the middle ear Conductive deafness - loss of hearing due to a blockage in the ear Sensorineural deafness - loss of hearing due to nerve impairment |
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Differentiate between conductive deafness and sensorineural deafness |
Conductive deafness - loss of hearing due to a blockage in the ear Sensorineural deafness - loss of hearing due to nerve impairment |
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Identify treatment for sensorineural deafness |
Cochlear implant |
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Identify the function of the cardiovascular system |
-delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body's cells -carries away carbon dioxide and waste products |
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identify the major structures of the heart |
heart: the most powerful muscle blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries (fuel line and transportation system) |
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identify the chambers and heart valves of the heart |
Chambers of the heart: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle Heart valves: Try(tricuspid) Pulling(pulmonary) My(mitral) Aorta(aortic) |
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identify what the septum is |
septum is the wall dividing the right and left sections of the heart |
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differentiate between veins, arteries, and capillaries |
veins carry blood towards the heart arteries carry blood away from the heart capillaries transfer oxygen to the organs and carbon dioxide form the organs |
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identify the structure that is the heart's natural pacemaker |
sinoatrial node (SA node) |
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define an electrocardiogram |
a record of the electrical activity of the heart |
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differentiate between systolic and diastolic pressure |
systolic pressure is when the ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart diastolic pressure is when the ventricles relax |
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differentiate between hypertension and hypotension |
hypertension is known as high blood pressure hypotension is known as low blood pressure |
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identify the pathway of circulation of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood through the heart |
deoxygenated blood: superier/inferior vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary valve > pulmonary arteries > lungs > pulmonary veins oxygenated blood: left atrium > mitral/bicuspid valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta > arteries, arterioles > capillaries > venules, veins |
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define an aneurysm |
abnormal bulge in the arterial wall |
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define arrhythmia, bradycardia, tachycardia |
arrhythmia: irregular or abnormal heartbeat bradycardia: slow heartbeat tachycardia: fast heartbeat |
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define coronary artery disease, angioplasty, stent, myocardial infarction |
coronary artery disease: results from buildup of fat and cholesterol deposits called plaques in the coronary arteries
Treatment includes angioplasty: which is the surgical repair of a narrowed blood vessel Stent is inserted into narrowed coronary arteries to keep them open after angioplasty
myocardial infarction: heart attack |
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Define obstetrics, gravida, primigravida, multigravida |
Obstetrics: the medical study dealing with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period Gravida: pregnant Primigravida: a woman who has been pregnant once Multigravida: a woman who has been pregnant more than once |
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Differentiate between an embryo and fetus |
For the first 8 weeks following conception, the baby is called an embryo. After that, the baby is called a fetus |
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Identify what a gestation period is |
The length of pregnancy (about 40 weeks) |
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Identify what a breech delivery is |
If the baby is turned around with the buttocks first |
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Identify what an apgar score is |
The condition of the newborn after delivery that evaluates the newborn's heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflex response and colour |
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Identify ectopic pregnancy, hyperemesis gravidarum, amniocentesis, shoulder dystocia, episiotomy, and cesarean section |
Ectopic pregnancy: embryo implants outside of uterus (cannot survive) Hyperemesis gravidarum: excessive vomiting during pregnancy Amniocentesis: surgical puncture to withdraw fluid from the amniotic sac for analysis Shoulder dystopia: fetus shoulder stuck in vahina during labour Episiotomy: surgical cut between vahina and anus to deliver be Cesarean section: cutting wall of mothers abdomen to deliver bb |
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Define psychiatry |
Branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis , treatment, and prevention of mental illness |
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Define anxiety disorder and identify types |
Anxiety disorders and characterized by unpleasant tension, distress, troubled feelings, and avoidance behaviour Types include panic disorder, phobic disorder, OCD, ptsd, and generalized anxiety disorder |
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Define delusional disorder and identify types |
Delusional disorders involve abnormal cognition Types: delirium (mental confusion) and dementia (loss of judgment) |
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Define mood disorders and identity types |
Mood disorders is a condition of intense, prolonged emotions that negatively affect ones wellbeing Types: bipolar, and major depression |
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Define dementia and bipolar |
Dementia: involved gradual loss of judgement, memory, abstract thinking, changes in personality Bipolar: individual experiences depression and episodes of mania |
