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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Fluid
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Any substance that flows
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2/3 states of matter are fluids
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Solid
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Objects of a definite shape; particles are packed closely together and vibrate in one place
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e.g. tables, beds, pizza
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Liquid
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Substance that flows and takes the shape of its container; particles partly overcame their attraction
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water
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Gas
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Flows freely, doesn't have a definite shape and particles have overcome their attraction for each other
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oxygen, air, hydrogen
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What is expansion?
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When particles heat up and move faster but not enough to break free and change state. so they just expand in volume
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Heating a lid of a jar to loosen it
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What is contraction?
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When particles slow down but not enough to change state. So they just contract in volume
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A deflated balloon on a cold day
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What is dissolving?
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When a substances particles are more attracted to the particles than their own, so they combine themselves with them.
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Can be sped up by heat or motion
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Calculate Density
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Mass divided by Volume
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D= M/V
D= 1.76g/2.0mL D= 0.88g/mL |
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Units for the density of solids? liquids? gases?
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g/cm³
kg/ml kg/L |
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How to calculate pressures?
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Force divided by Area
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P=F/A
= 10000N/1.6m² =6250PA |
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Flow rate
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The measure of the speed at which a fluid flow between two points. Higher the flow rate, the lower the viscosity.
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Slower it goes, the higher it is.
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Viscosity
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The amount of thickness in a fluid. If a fluid flows slowly, it has a high viscosity. Of it flows quickly, it has a Hugh viscosity.
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the slower it is, the higher
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Temperature and Viscosity in Liquids
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The warmer the fluid is, the faster the particles move. This makes the fluid flow faster. The opposite goes for removing heat.
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more = less viscous
less = more viscous |
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Temperature and Viscosity in Gases
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The warmer the gas gets, the more friction there is between the particles. This makes it slower and more viscous.
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More = more viscous
Less = less viscous |
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Density
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How closely packed the particles are in a substance. If the substance's density is greater then the fluid's, it will sink. Vise versa.
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Solids are the most dense.
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Density and temperature
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When heat makes volume increase, it makes the particles spread out more - decreasing the density. That's why the warmest air in the room is at the top.
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Sink and float
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Buoyancy / Buoyancy force
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How likely an object will float/sink / Force in a fluid that pushes up
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Opposite of gravity
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Pressure
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The amount of force applied to an area. Changes with depth (water pushing down on you) and height (low pressure).
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Changes with depth and height
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Pressure and temperature
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When heat is added, the particles move faster and bounce of the walls of their container adding more energy. If the volume doesn't change, it means more pressure.
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More= more pressure
Less = less pressure |
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Pressure and fluid flow
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When a fluid flows from a place with high pressure to a place with lower pressure.
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Like a vacuum.
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Compression
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When an object is forced to have less volume.
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Fluid pressure increases with less volume.
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Hydraulic systems
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Fluid systems that uses liquids under pressure to do work. E.g. A car hoist. High cost.
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Water, oil, liquid, pump.
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Pneumatic systems
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Fluid systems that use gases under pressure to do work. Low cost. E.g, A jackhammer.
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air, gas, pump, low enviro risk. COMES FROM THE GREEK WORDS 'PNEUMA/PNEUMATOS' meaning wind/air.
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Pascals law
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If there is pressure in one place, it will equalize to the rest of the object at the same rate.
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Jumping on the bed, toothpaste.
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Fluid systems
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A bunch of parts working together including a fluid.
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vacuum cleaner, dishwasher, car hoist.
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Hoist / Pistons
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Part of a fluid system. Uses two differently sized pistons (disks in cylinder) to create enough pressure to lift something.
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Lifting and helping lift
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Archimedes's principle
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The buoyant force of an object is equal to the sketchy displaced by an object
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buoyancy = weight
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Plimsoll Line
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Because of the rising and falling densities of the waters, we have the Plimsoll lime that tells us how heavy/dense a ship can be.
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Titanic couldn't make it in the cold.
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Oil spills
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A threat to the environment and almost impossible to remove
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Ways clean oil spills
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BOOMS - Floating fences to stop spreads. cw
SKIMMERS - Oil vacuums for the surface. cw SORBENTS - Sponge like materials. Sinking possibility DISPERSANTS - Chemicals that clean water but leave access BURNING - Setting oil on fire. Must be 3mm thick and cw BIOREMIDIATION - using organisms to break down oil |
BSSDBB
Boring Socks Should Discontinue Being Born |
