Unit 9 People

Front 1

William James

Back 1

Psychologist- champion of the idea of "pragmaticism"

Front 2

Henry Demarest Lloyd

Back 2

Muckraker- Wealth Against Commonwealth (1894)- attacked Standard Oil and other trusts

Front 3

Lincoln Steffens

Back 3

Muckraker- "The Shame of the Cities"- exposed municipal corruption

Front 4

Ida Tarbell

Back 4

Muckraker- "The History of the Standard Oil"- exposed Rockefeller's corrupt practices- her father had been bought out by Rockefeller

Front 5

David G. Philips

Back 5

Muckraker- "The Treason of the Senate"

Front 6

Ray Stannard Baker

Back 6

Muckraker- "Following the Color Line"- one of the few muckraking pieces dedicated to race and African-Americans

Front 7

John Spargo

Back 7

Muckraker- "The Bitter Cry of the Children"- exposes the conditions of child labor

Front 8

Upton Sinclair

Back 8

Muckraker- "The Jungle" (1906)- novel that exposed meatpacking plants in Chicago. A socialist who intended to expose working conditions but instead led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act- "I meant to hit the public in the heart and instead I hit them in the stomach."

Front 9

Jacob Riis

Back 9

Muckraker- "How the Other Half Lives" (1890)- using newly invented flash photography to show the slums and tenements of New York City

Front 10

Frank Norris

Back 10

Muckraker- "The Octopus"

Front 11

Lewis Hine

Back 11

Muckraking photographer who photographed several subjects- often workers

Front 12

John Dewey

Back 12

"Father of Progressive Education"

Front 13

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Back 13

"Father of Scientific Management"- "Taylorism"

Front 14

Louis Brandeis

Back 14

Brilliant legal mind who initiated the "Brandeis Brief" of using sociological data to support case as well as legal precedent- 1st Jew appointed to the Supreme Court- appointed by Wilson

Front 15

Tom L. Johnson

Back 15

Progressive mayor of Cleveland

Front 16

Robert LaFollette

Back 16

Progressive governor of Wisconsin- the most progressive state in the Union- the "Wisconsin Idea"

Front 17

Alice Hamilton

Back 17

Doctor who studied occupational diseases and her work led to work place reforms in Illinois

Front 18

Margaret Sanger

Back 18

Champion of birth control- arrested by violating the Comstock Act

Front 19

Florence Kelley

Back 19

Settlement house worker who led the National Consumer's League which pushed for sweatshop reform and an eight-hour day- participated in other reforms such as the NAACP and child labor

Front 20

Carrie Chapman Catt

Back 20

Women's suffragette- head of the National American Woman Suffrage Association

Front 21

Alice Paul

Back 21

Woman suffrage advocated- head of the National Woman's Party- influenced by radical British suffragettes- mass picketing, hunger strikes, etc.

Front 22

Booker T. Washington

Back 22

African-American leader who advocated economic self-help for A-A. Called for economic self-sufficiency and not immediate civil rights (ex: voting). Founder of the Tuskegee Institute. Wrote "Up From Slavery"- his autobiography

Front 23

W.E.B. Du Bois

Back 23

African-American leader who called for immediate civil rights. 1st A-A to graduate from Harvard. Initiated the Niagara Movement which led to the founding the NAACP- called for the "talented tenth" of the most educated African-Americans to lead the race

Front 24

William Monroe Trotter

Back 24

African-American leader who followed Du Bois' philosophy

Front 25

Ida B. Wells

Back 25

Led the anti-lynching crusade. Wrote "The Red Record" documenting the problem of lynching in the Jim Crow South

Front 26

Marcus Garvey

Back 26

African-American leader who founded the United Negro Improvement Association. Believed in black pride and urged blacks to go back to Africa- the "Black Star" Line

Front 27

Frances E. Willard

Back 27

Leader of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Front 28

Theodore Roosevelt

Back 28

President during the Progressive Era (1901-1909)- Square Deal, Anthracite Strike, Conservation movement, consumer safety (ex: Pure Food and Drug Act). In many ways the first modern POTUS- ex: the "Bully Pulpit"

Front 29

Gifford Pinchot

Back 29

Conservationist who believed in the scientific management of forests- TR's right-hand man in the conservation movement

Front 30

William Howard Taft

Back 30

Protégé of TR and was POTUS (1909-1913). Busted more trusts than TR but alienated Progressives with Ballinger-Pinchot Affair and Payne-Aldrich Tariff. Was trounced in his attempt to be reelected in 1912. Able administrator- the first POTUS to also be Supreme Court justice

Front 31

Woodrow Wilson

Back 31

Southerner, President of Princeton, Progressive reform governor of New York- 2nd Democratic since Civil War- elected in 1912. First term dominated by domestic affairs (New Freedom)- ex: Keating-Owen Act and Federal Reserve Act, 2nd term- World War I, failed to secure ratification of Versailles Treaty- pinned all hopes on League of Nations

Front 32

Eugene V. Debs

Back 32

Socialist leader. Part of the Industrial Workers of the World at one time. Won almost 1 million votes in 1912 election. Arrested during World War I speaking out against the war- Espionage Act- while in the federal penitentiary ran for POTUS and received almost 1 million votes

Front 33

Gavrilo Prinicp

Back 33

Serbian nationalist, member of the Black Hand who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand which led to World War I

Front 34

George Creel

Back 34

Head of the Committee of Public Information (CPI)- often known simply as the Creel Committee- propaganda agency that was meant to persuade the American people on the righteousness of the war

Front 35

Bernard Baruch

Back 35

Head of the War Industries Board that coordinated resources and managed industrial production during World War I

Front 36

Herbert Hoover

Back 36

Head of the Food Administration- excellent administrator who helped manage the food supply and feed starving Europeans

Front 37

Felix Frankfurter

Back 37

Head of the War Labor Board- later appointed to the Supreme Court by FDR

Front 38

John J. Pershing

Back 38

Commander of the American Expeditionary Force- pushed to keep American troops as its own fighting force rather than being sent to fight under the French and British

Front 39

Vladimir Lenin

Back 39

Leader of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution- established communist government- pulled Russia out of World War I with the Treaty of Brest-Litvosk (Spring 1918)

Front 40

Vittorio Orlando

Back 40

Member of the "Big Four" at Versailles- leader of Italy

Front 41

David Lloyd George

Back 41

Member of the "Big Four" at Versailles- leader of Britain

Front 42

Georges Clemenceau

Back 42

Member of the "Big Four" at Versailles- leader of France

Front 43

William Borah

Back 43

Republican Senator from Idaho- leader of the "Irreconcilables" who opposed the Treaty of Versailles (League of Nations) on all grounds and unwilling to compromise

Front 44

Henry Cabot Lloyd

Back 44

Republican Senator from Massachusetts- opposed the League of Nations but was a "reservationist"- willing to make small compromises. Wilson's greatest rival on the issue