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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a drug that produces a response
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Agonist
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drugs that block responses
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Antagonist
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- related to absorption, it is the percentage of the administered drug dose that reaches systemic circulation.
- IV drugs have 100 % bioavailability. - Oral meds are lower normally 40- 60 %. |
Bioavailability
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allows for only fat-soluble medications to pass into the brain and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
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Blood-brain barrier
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when a drug, such as a tablet, disintegrates into small particles to dissolve in a liquid.
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Dissolution
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The process by which the drug becomes available to body fluids and body tissues.
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Distribution
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substances administered to people for the diagnosis, cure, treatment, mitigation, or prevention of disease.
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Drug
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- Is categorizes by Generic, Chemical and Trade names.
- Prescription and Nonprescription (OTC). - Chemical indication (ex: Analgesic- pain and Antipyretic-fever). - Body system upon which they act (ex: CNS medications and CV medications) |
Drug Classification
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- Legal regulation of drugs.
- Monitors and regulates the manufacturer and marketing of drugs Drug development and sale. - Investigational medications and informed consent. - Pregnancy Categories. - Controlled Substances - DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency). - Drug Classification. - Takes about 11 years and over a million dollars for a drug to get approved to the market. |
FDA
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- Mechanism whereby drugs are absorbed across the intestinal wall and enter the hepatic portal circulation.
- A large number of oral drugs are rendered inactive by hepatic metabolic reactions. (pertains to Bioavailability) |
First Pass effect- (hepatic first pass effect)
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-(t½ ) the time it takes for one half of the drug concentration to be eliminated.
- Some drugs take minutes others take days. - Digoxin has a very long half-life (36 hours) |
Half-life- (Elimination)
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the drugs the hospital stocks/uses
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Hospital Formulary
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a large initial dose that is used when an immediate response is desired to reach the drugs minimum effective concentration (MEC)
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Loading dose
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The process of chemically converting a drug to a form that is usually more easily removed from the body
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Metabolism
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how drugs are made (the drug recipe book)
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National Formulary (NF)
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can have an affect on multiple systems and parts of the body
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Nonspecific Drug
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the effect of a drug action that varies from a predicted drug response because of genetic factors or hereditary influence
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Pharmacogenetics
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the study the effects of chemical substances on living tissue
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Pharmacology
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- as drugs are distributed in plasma, they are bound to different degrees.
- The portion of the drug that is bound, it is inactive because it is not available to receptors. - The portion of the drug that is unbound is the free, active drug |
Plasma protein binding
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means that a client is taking many medications, prescribed or not, in an attempt to treat several disorders simultaneously
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Polypharmacy
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- Provides an exact description of the medications composition and molecular structure.
- Describes the drugs chemical structure (rarely used in practice) |
Chemical name
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- The official name of the drug, this name is not owned by any drug company and is universally acceptable (most drugs are ordered by their generic name)
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Generic name
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The name that is listed in official publications
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Official name
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The name under which the manufacturer markets the medication (usually is a registered trademark)
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Trade or brand name
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refers to the effect of a patient’s age, gender size, body composition, and other variables such as ethnicity with associated changes in how an individual absorbs or metabolizes specific drugs
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Drug Polymorphism
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