Unit 9

Front 1

akin

Back 1

similar; having some of the same qualities

They speak a language akin to French.
She was wearing something akin to a pineapple on her head.
A balalaika is an instrument somewhat akin to a guitar.

Front 2

albeit

Back 2

although

The evening was very pleasant, albeit a little quiet.
He tried, albeit without success.
clear albeit cold weather
He strolled out, albeit stiffly because the liposuction still made it uncomfortable to walk.

Front 3

barrage

Back 3

[a barrage of sth]
a great number of complaints, criticisms or questions suddenly directed at someone


We got a barrage of information: about his physical condition, about ...
Mixon unleashed a barrage of gunfire that killed four Oakland police officers
barrage of words
a barrage of negative thoughts

The proposed tidal barrage would generate enough electricity to supply between 60 000 and 80 000 homes.

Front 4

black ice

Back 4

a dangerous type of ice on roads which is so thin that it cannot be seen by a driver

Sea-water ice holds my weight when I walk, but black ice is thin, can't be trusted.
As on a winter night, when black ice forms on every sidewalk and stairway, I can find no firm footing anywhere.

Front 5

blister

Back 5

a painful red swelling on the skin that contains liquid, caused usually by continuous rubbing, especially on your foot, or by burning
(su toplaması)
New shoes always give me blisters.
Her feet were badly blistered.
there was a tender spot on my baby toe and I knew it was a blister from all that dancing.

Front 6

blizzard

Back 6

a severe snow storm with strong winds
(tipi)
We once got stuck in a blizzard for six hours.
In Sussex, blizzard conditions made the main roads almost impassable.

large amount of something which arrives or is produced together in a confusing or badly organized way
a blizzard of statistics/handouts

Front 7

breeze

Back 7

a light and pleasant wind
(meltem, esinti)
a warm/cool breeze
She let the gentle breeze cool her face.
The curtains fluttered in the pleasant night breeze

Front 8

chilly

Back 8

(of weather, conditions in a room, or parts of the body) cold
The bathroom gets chilly in the winter.
It turned chilly in the afternoon.
I went to see the sales manager but got a rather chilly reception.
I felt a bit chilly so I put on a jacket.
a chilly October day

Front 9

depletion

Back 9

reduction
the depletion of the ozone layer
Increased expenditure has caused a depletion in our capital/funds.
Increased consumption of water has led to rapid depletion of groundwater reserves.
depletion of timber resources
depletion of natural habitat
Locals blame the river's depletion on the lack of rain

Front 10

desertification

Back 10

the process by which land changes into desert, for example because there has been too much farming activity on it or because a lot of trees have been cut down
(çölleşme)

Only 10% of the land is arable, desertification is advancing, and rainfall is chronically erratic.
Desertification presents a serious threat to our future.
The idea was to link the " problems " of deforestation and desertification to fuelwood consumption, population growth, and agricultural expansion.

Front 11

bulwark

Back 11

something that protects you from dangerous or unpleasant situations
(kale duvarı, siper)
My savings were to be a bulwark against unemployment.

Front 12

deteriorate

Back 12

become worse

It goes like this: the global economy continues to deteriorate...
Seeing our assets deteriorate in the worst economic downturn in decades is both alarming and discouraging.

Front 13

devastation

Back 13

damage and destruction
(yıkım, zarar)
If disease is allowed to spread, it will cause widespread devastation.
The storm left behind it a trail of devastation.
after Hurricane Katrina's devastation, Oklahoma City hosted the displaced New Orleans.

Front 14

dire

Back 14

very serious or extreme

These people are in dire need of help.
He gave a dire warning that an earthquake was imminent.
This decision will have dire consequences for local people.
dire economic times
a dire warning
dire consequences

Front 15

straits

Back 15

a difficult and troubled situation, especially because of financial problems
So many companies are in such dire/difficult straits that their prices have come right down.

Front 16

dissimilar

Back 16

different

The new house is not dissimilar (= is similar) to our old one except that it's a bit bigger.
The interests of the United States and China in Africa are more similar than dissimilar.
The twins are quite dissimilar

Front 17

divert

Back 17

to cause something or someone to change direction
Traffic will be diverted through the side streets while the main road is resurfaced.
Our flight had to be diverted to Stansted because of the storm.

to use something for a different purpose
Should more funds/money/resources be diverted from roads into railways?

Front 18

downpour

Back 18

a lot of rain in a short time.
(sağanak)
I drove through the downpour ignorant of the enormity of events.

Front 19

draft

draught(UK)

Back 19

a current of unpleasantly cold air blowing through a room

Front 20

eminent

Back 20

famous, respected or important
(saygın, seçkin)
an eminent historian
eminent scholar
eminent Viktorian House

Front 21

gale

Back 21

a very strong wind
(bora, fırtına)

Hundreds of old trees were blown down in the gales.
The tree had come down in a fierce gale the night before.
A severe gale was blowing along the coast.
We got caught in a howling gale.

Front 22

glorious

Back 22

describes weather that is very pleasant, especially weather

that is hot and sunny
They had glorious weather for their wedding.
It was a glorious winter day - crisp and clear.

Front 23

grim

Back 23

informal very unpleasant or ugly
worried and serious or sad
worrying, without hope

a grim-looking block of flats
grim death
grim certainity
grim smile
grim face

Front 24

in the guise of
under the guise of

Back 24

the appearance of someone or something, especially when intended to deceive

I paused and turned to look around me from time to time under the guise of browsing
His entire future stretched before him, in the guise of a flower half the size of his thumb.

Front 25

hail

Back 25

a falling, showering, etc. of hail, or in the manner of hail
If it hails, small hard balls of ice fall from the sky like rain.

(dolu)
a hail of bullets

Front 26

torrential

Back 26

used to refer to very heavy rain
(şiddetli yağmur)

torrential rain
a torrential downpour/storm

Front 27

try to find a needle in a haystack

Back 27

die Nadel im Heuhaufen suchen

Front 28

to take to sth. like a duck to water

Back 28

to become adept at or attracted to something very quickly

Denise took to parenting like a duck to water.
He took to batting average like a duck to water, and through his writings, he really foisted that on the nation.
Your cousin here has taken to Talmud study like a duck to water.

Front 29

subsidize

subsidise(UK)

Back 29

to pay part of the cost of something
(mali destek, ödenek)
£50 would help to subsidize the training of an unemployed teenager.
The refugees live in subsidized housing provided by the authorities.

Front 30

sleep like a log

Back 30

to sleep very soundly.

Everyone in our family sleeps like a log, so no one heard the thunderstorm in the middle of the night.
Nothing can wake me up. I usually sleep like a baby.
With a full stomach and a warm blanket, I slept like a log.

Front 31

skid

Back 31

(especially of a vehicle) to slide along a surface so that you have no control
(patinaj yapmak, kaymak)
Trevor's bus skidded on some ice and hit a tree.
We don't want to damage the artifacts in the back if they skid off the road.
Another visually impaired driver was going to skid into mine.

Front 32

run around like headless chickens

Back 32

To act in a haphazard or aimless way; frantically or without control.
The president doesn't know what to do. He's running around like a headless chicken.

Front 33

rub it in

Back 33

if someone rubs it in, they keep talking about something that makes you feel embarrassed or upset
(yüzüne vurmak)
I know I made a mistake, but you don't have to rub it in.
I wanted to rub it in a bit, so I said, “I'll be thinking of you working as I lie on the beach this afternoon.”

Front 34

pass the buck

Back 34

Evade responsibility by passing it on to someone else.
(sorumluluğu başkasına yüklemek)
Mr. Bush can not pass the buck to others and solve the problems of Iraq by pointing fingers to others.
You take the responsibility for what you do, and you don't pass the buck, so to speak.
Each institution seemed to deal with a corner of the problem and pass the buck for the rest to another institution.

Front 35

irrigate

Back 35

to supply land with water so that crops and plants will grow

irrigated land/fields

Front 36

grind to a halt

Back 36

stop slowly

But some companies growth will slow rather than grind to a halt or have a loss
Progress on the case, slow even in the beginning, seemed to grind to a halt six months later
In the school library, where I work, I hear the whispers that grind to a halt at my entrance

Front 37

fit like a glove

Back 37

fit very well

I tried my new jeans on,zipped them up and they fit like a glove.
Zacs clothes fit like a glove, but you can still move in them says the advertisement.

Front 38

extol

Back 38

to praise something or someone very much
(öve öve bitirememek, göklere çıkarmak)
His book extolling the benefits of vegetarianism sold thousands of copies.
She is forever extolling the virtues of her children.
I find demonizing or extolling any idea somewhat ignorant.
When I extol the importance of marriage, my inbox fills with e-mails from readers who don't agree.

Front 39

drop

Back 39

to move to a lower level, or cause something to move to a lower level
The water level in the flooded region has finally begun to drop.
The land drops (away) (= slopes down) sharply behind the barrier.
We've had to drop our prices because of the recession.

Front 40

cloud one's judgement

Back 40

to affect your thinking in a way that makes you likely to make a bad decision or forget something

Make sure that personal motivation is not clouding your judgement.

Strong visions can cloud judgement.

Front 41

chuck it down

Back 41

rain heavily

We had better hurry, it looks like it is going to chuck it down any minute.

Front 42

be/feel under the weather

Back 42

feel slightly ill

I'm feeling a little under the weather - I think I may have caught a cold.

Front 43

be snowed under with work

Back 43

overworked; exceptionally busy.
(işim başımdan aşkın)
Look, I'm really snowed under at the moment. Can this wait?
He really has been snowed under with work.

Front 44

be snowed in

Back 44

be unable to travel because of snow

We were snowed in three days last winter.

Front 45

be rained off

Back 45

cancel sth due to heavy rain.

one-day cricket international against South Africa was called off due to persistent rain

Front 46

be grounded

Back 46

describes an aircraft that is prevented from flying for some reason, or a ship that cannot move because it has hit solid ground

My flight was grounded because there was so much snow on the runway.

Front 47

bask in sth

Back 47

take pleasure from sth that makes you feel good

bask in the morning light
bask in sunshine
bask in glory
bask in joy
bask in warmth

Front 48

avoid sb like the plague

Back 48

stay away from s.one

I can't believe you went up to him, you usually avoid him like the plague.

Front 49

spitting

Back 49

raining very slightly
(çişelemek/tröpfeln)
If it is only spitting, we don't need to take waterproofs with us.

Front 50

scorching

Back 50

very hot

The sea reflected a spotless dome of scorching blue sky.
a scorching summer day
It was scorching hot inside the greenhouse.

Front 51

residue

Back 51

the part that is left after the main part has gone or been taken away, or a substance that remains after a chemical process such as evaporation
(arta kalan)
gunshut residue
There's an oily, linty residue on my hand, which I wipe off on the wall.

She cut off the best meat and threw away the residue.
The white residue in/on the kettle is a result of minerals in the water.

Front 52

overcast

Back 52

cloudy and therefore not bright and sunny

The sky/weather was overcast.
a depressing, overcast winter morning
A dull, overcast sky

Front 53

pathcy

Back 53

• only existing or happening in some parts
The varnish is a bit patchy on this table.
Southeast England will start with some patchy rain/patchy cloud at first.

• sometimes good and sometimes bad
Matthew found the service extremely patchy.

Front 54

oppression

Back 54

when people are governed in an unfair and cruel way and prevented from having opportunities and freedom
(baskı)

Although Taliban rule has gone, oppression and shame have not.
Every human being has the right to freedom from oppression.
War, famine and oppression have forced people in the region to flee from their homes.
the oppression of women.

Front 55

nimby

nimbyism

Back 55

for not in my back yard: a person who does not want something unpleasant to be built or done near where they live
(benden uzak olsun da)
The spokeswoman said that Nimby attitudes were delaying development of the site

Front 56

muggy

Back 56

When the weather is muggy, it is unpleasantly warm and the air contains a lot of water.
(boğucu)

He wears long sleeves every day, even when it's muggy and hot.
It was an August night, a muggy Saturday night, probably about to rain..
It was a muggy morning, sticky, with the threat of heat to come

Front 57

like water off a duck's back

Back 57

easily; without any apparent effect

Insults rolled off John like water off a duck's back.
The bullets had no effect on the steel door. They fell away like water off a duck's back.

Front 58

heat rash

Back 58

a condition in which the skin feels uncomfortable and is covered by red spots
(isilik)

This year in July it was so hot that my mum started to get a heat rash.