Unit 8 Def

Front 1

an immunoglobulin produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, virus, or other antigenic substance

Back 1

Antibodies

Front 2

- a substance (usually a protein) that the body recognizes as foreign, and that can provoke an immune response

Back 2

Antigen

Front 3

immunity gained following the receipt of a vaccine (polio, tetanus), short life span, need booster shots

Back 3

Artificial immunity

Front 4

without symptoms

Back 4

Asymptomatic

Front 5

when something destroys bacteria

Back 5

Bactericidal

Front 6

prevented growth and reproduction of bacteria

Back 6

Bacteriostasis

Front 7

an antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of infectious microorganisms

Back 7

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

Front 8

a person who harbors and spreads an organism that causes a disease in others but does not become ill

Back 8

Carriers

Front 9

- T-Lymphocytes recognize an antigen via receptors and release lymphokines.
- The lymphokines attract macrophages and stimulate them to attack the antigen.
- Eventually the antigens are killed. (non-specific)

Back 9

Cell-mediated immunity

Front 10

the presence and multiplication of microorganisms without tissue invasion or damage

Back 10

Colonized

Front 11

contagious, transmissible by direct or indirect means

Back 11

Communicable

Front 12

- an inactive protein found in blood serum, it is activated when an antigen and an antibody bind.
- Initiates the phagocytosis and lysing processes)

Back 12

Complement

Front 13

when compliment makes a hole through the antigens cell membrane causing it to burst

Back 13

Cytolysis

Front 14

a process that eliminates many or all microorganisms with the exception of bacterial spores

Back 14

Disinfection

Front 15

swelling

Back 15

Edema

Front 16

an infection that occurs when a client’s normal flora becomes altered and overgrows ex: E. Coli

Back 16

Endogenous infection

Front 17

the study of disease

Back 17

Epidemiology

Front 18

an infection that is caused by a microorganism external to the individual that is not normal flora
ex: salmonella or staph

Back 18

Exogeneous infection

Front 19

drainage of fluids that have accumulated at the site of inflammation

Back 19

Exudate

Front 20

scar tissue, repair tissue that isn’t as strong as tissue collagen

Back 20

Granulation tissue

Front 21

- The stimulation of B lymphocytes (B-cells) triggers this response.
- When the B-cell is stimulated, it causes the synthesis of immunoglobulins or antibodies that destroy the antigen. (specific)

Back 21

Humoral immunity

Front 22

a type of nosocomial infection resulting from a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure. “tube placements” ex: from an endoscopy

Back 22

Iatrogenic infections

Front 23

- A series of biological responses that change the body’s biological makeup so that reactions to future exposure are different than to the first reaction.
- In a normal immune response, the antigen is neutralized, destroyed, or eliminated

Back 23

Immune response

Front 24

an impaired immune system

Back 24

Immunocompromised

Front 25

antibodies. 5 types, M,G,A,E,D

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Immunoglubulins

Front 26

Invasion of the body by pathogens or microorganisms, which cause disease. (5 types: Local, Systemic, Chronic, Acute, & Nosocomial)

Back 26

Infection

Front 27

includes: vascular and cellular responses, formation of inflammatory exudates, and tissue repair

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Inflammatory response-

Front 28

interferes with the ability of viruses to multiply and protects body cells from simultaneous infection with other viruses

Back 28

Interferon

Front 29

A protective vascular reaction that delivers fluid, blood products & nutrients to tissues in the area of the injury

Back 29

Inflammation

Front 30

characterized by a tendency to spread, infiltrate, and intrude

Back 30

Invasive

Front 31

an increase in the number of circulating WBC’s

Back 31

Leulocytosis

Front 32

an infection that affects a single organ or part

Back 32

Localized

Front 33

chemical messengers that attract macrophages and stimulate them to attack antigens

Back 33

Lymphokines

Front 34

- (a clean technique) procedures used to reduce/prevent the spread of microorganisms.
- TO contain or eliminate the organisms. Ex: hand washing, wearing cloves

Back 34

Medical asepsis

Front 35

microscopic organisms capable of carrying out living processes. Fungi, protozoa, bacteria and viruses

Back 35

Microorganisms

Front 36

microorganisms that are resistant to multiple antibiotics

Back 36

Multiple resistant organisms (MRO)

Front 37

- immunity that results after having had a disease usually lasts a lifetime.
- Artificial or aquired immunity follows the receipt of a vaccine, such as tetanus or polio; this duration is cariable, and may require a booster.

Back 37

Natural immunity

Front 38

microorganisms that do not normally cause disease when residing in their usual area of the body, but instead participate in maintaining health (prevent other MO’s from growing/spreading)

Back 38

Normal flora

Front 39

immunity of a short duration and is the type that can be obtained transplacentally from mother to child

Back 39

Passive immunity

Front 40

the process in which neutrophils or monocytes ingest and destroy microorganisms or other small particles

Back 40

Phagosytosis-

Front 41

exudates (drainage) that contains pus (WBC’s and bacteria)

Back 41

Purulent

Front 42

exudates (drainage) that contains blood (RBC’s) can be from pink to red

Back 42

Sanguineous

Front 43

exudates (drainage) that is clear like plasma

Back 43

Serous

Front 44

exudates that has coagulated blood in it

Back 44

Fibrinous

Front 45

exudates that has mucous in it

Back 45

Mucinous/Catarrhal

Front 46

the complete elimination or destruction of all microorganisms, including spores

Back 46

Sterilization

Front 47

a secondary infection usually caused by an opportunistic pathogen

Back 47

Suprainfection

Front 48

- (sterile technique) procedures used to eliminate all microorganisms including spores.
- The object is considered contaminated if touched by an object that is not sterile

Back 48

Surgical asepsis

Front 49

being vulnerable to a disease or disorder

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Susceptibility

Front 50

an infection that invades the entire body

Back 50

Systemic

Front 51

a carrier, such as a tick or mosquito that transmits a disease

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Vector

Front 52

the power of a microorganism to produce disease

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Virulence

Front 53

is increased with acute infection and decreased in certain viral or overwhelming infections.

Back 53

WBC

Front 54

The development of an infection occurs in a cycle that depends on the presence of a pathoegen, a rervoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry to host, a susceptible host

Back 54

Chain of Infection

Front 55

The time from when the pathogen enters the body to when the first symptoms appear

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Incubation period of infection

Front 56

the time from the onset of nonspecific symptoms (malaise, low grade fever fatigue) to specific symptoms.
(This is the stage where MO’s grow and multiply, they are contagious)

Back 56

Prodromal stage of infection

Front 57

you have the signs and symptoms specific to the type of infection (EX: a cold- sore throat, sinus congestion, high fever)

Back 57

Illness stage of infection

Front 58

when the acute symptoms disappear and the body starts getting better
(can be long depending on the state of health)

Back 58

Convalescence stage of infection

Front 59

- Antibodies are produced by the body in response to an antigen

Back 59

Active Acquired Immunity

Front 60

Antibodies are produced by another source, animal or human

Back 60

Passive Acquired Immunity: