Unit 7A Practice Test

Front 1

. At your high school reunion you cannot remember the last name of your homeroom teacher. Your failure to remember is most likely the result of

Back 1

retrieval failure.

Front 2

Which of the following is the best example of a flashbulb memory?

Back 2

remembering what you were doing the day high school students were killed in Littleton, Colorado

Front 3

Lewis cannot remember the details of the torture he experienced as a prisoner of war. According to Freud, Lewis's failure to remember these painful memories is an example of

Back 3

repression.

Front 4

. Which of the following measures of retention is the least sensitive in triggering retrieval?

Back 4

recall

Front 5

The three-stage processing model of memory was proposed by

Back 5

Atkinson and Shifrin.

Front 6

Which of the following illustrates the constructive nature of memory?

Back 6

Although elderly Mrs. Harvey, who has Alzheimer's disease, has many gaps in her memory, she invents sensible accounts of her activities so that her family will not worry.

Front 7

. During basketball practice Jan's head was painfully elbowed. If the trauma to her brain disrupts her memory, we would expect that Jan would be most likely to forget

Back 7

the name of the play during which she was elbowed.

Front 8

When he was 8 years old, Frank was questioned by the police about a summer camp counselor suspected of molesting children. Even though he was not, in fact, molested by the counselor, today 19-year-old Frank "remembers" the counselor touching him inappropriately. Frank's false memory is an example of which "sin" of memory?

Back 8

suggestibility

Front 9

Studies of amnesics suggest that

Back 9

there are two distinct types of memory. .

Front 10

Which of the following terms does NOT belong with the others?

Back 10

blocking

Front 11

Echoic memories fade after approximately

Back 11

3 to 4 seconds.

Front 12

Brenda has trouble remembering her new five-digit ZIP plus four-digit address code. What is the most likely explanation for the difficulty Brenda is having?

Back 12

Nine digits are at or above the upper limit of most people's short-term memory capacity.

Front 13

Darren was asked to memorize a list of letters that included v, q, y, and j. He later recalled these letters as e, u, i, and k, suggesting that the original letters had been encoded

Back 13

acoustically.

Front 14

Memory techniques such as the method of loci, acronyms, and the peg-word system are called

Back 14

mnemonic devices.

Front 15

To help him remember the order of ingredients in difficult recipes, master chef Giulio often associates them with the route he walks to work each day. Giulio is using which mnemonic technique?

Back 15

the method of loci

Front 16

The misinformation effect provides evidence that memory

Back 16

may be reconstructed during recall according to how questions are framed.

Front 17

Kandel and Schwartz have found that when learning occurs, more of the neurotransmitter ________ is released into synapses

Back 17

serotonin

Front 18

It is easier to recall information that has just been presented when the information

Back 18

is heard rather than seen.

Front 19

Amnesic patients typically experience disruption of

Back 19

explicit memories.

Front 20

Which area of the brain is most important in the processing of implicit memories?

Back 20

cerebellum

Front 21

The concept of working memory is analogous to a computer's

Back 21

random-access (RAM) memory..

Front 22

Which of the following was NOT recommended as a strategy for improving memory?

Back 22

speed reading

Front 23

The spacing effect means that

Back 23

distributed study yields better retention than cramming. .

Front 24

The disruption of memory caused by excessive consumption of alcohol provides evidence for the importance of

Back 24

neurotransmitters in the formation of new memories.

Front 25

According to the serial position effect, when recalling a list of words you should have the greatest difficulty with those

Back 25

in the middle of the list.

Front 26

One way to increase the amount of information in memory is to group it into larger, familiar units. This process is referred to as

Back 26

chunking.

Front 27

Which of the following has been proposed as a neurophysiological explanation of infantile amnesia?

Back 27

The slow maturation of the hippocampus leaves the infant's brain unable to store images and events.

Front 28

Visual sensory memory is referred to as

Back 28

iconic memory.

Front 29

In Sperling's memory experiment, subjects were shown three rows of three letters, followed immediately by a low-, medium-, or high-pitched tone. The subjects were able to report

Back 29

any one of the three rows of letters.

Front 30

According to memory researcher Daniel Schacter, blocking occurs when

Back 30

information is on the tip of our tongue, but we can't get it out.

Front 31

Complete this analogy

Back 31

Fill-in-the-blank test questions are to multiple-choice questions as

Hint 31

recall is to recognition.

Front 32

PET scans taken when a person is truly or falsely recalling a word reveal different patterns of activity in an area of the

Back 32

left temporal lobe.

Front 33

Memory researchers are suspicious of long-repressed memories of traumatic events that are "recovered" with the aid of drugs or hypnosis because

Back 33

such experiences usually are vividly remembered, such memories are unreliable, and easily influenced by misinformation, memories of events happening before about age 3 are especially unreliable.

Front 34

When Gordon Bower presented subjects with words grouped by category or in random order, recall was

Back 34

better for the categorized words.

Front 35

Long-term potentiation refers to

Back 35

the increased efficiency of synaptic transmission between certain neurons following learning.

Front 36

After finding her old combination lock, Janice can't remember its combination because she keeps confusing it with the combination of her new lock. She is experiencing

Back 36

retroactive interference.

Front 37

Being in a bad mood after a hard day of work, Susan could think of nothing positive in her life. This is best explained as an example of

Back 37

mood-congruent memory

Front 38

The process of getting information out of memory storage is called

Back 38

retrieval.

Front 39

Textbook chapters are often organized into ________ in order to facilitate information processing

Back 39

hierarchies

Front 40

In an effort to remember the name of the classmate who sat behind her in fifth grade, Martina mentally recited the names of other classmates who sat near her. Martina's effort to refresh her memory by activating related associations is an example of

Back 40

priming.

Front 41

In a study on context cues, people learned words while on land or when they were underwater. In a later test of recall, those with the best retention had

Back 41

learned the words and been tested on them in the same context.

Front 42

Which of the following sequences would be best to follow if you wanted to minimize interference-induced forgetting in order to improve your recall on the psychology midterm?

Back 42

study, sleep, test

Front 43

Walking through the halls of his high school 10 years after graduation, Tom experienced a flood of old memories. Tom's experience showed the role of

Back 43

context effects.

Front 44

When Carlos was promoted, he moved into a new office with a new phone extension. Every time he is asked for his phone number, Carlos first thinks of his old extension, illustrating the effects of

Back 44

proactive interference.

Front 45

Amnesics typically have experienced damage to the ________ of the brain

Back 45

hippocampus

Front 46

The eerie feeling of having been somewhere before is an example of

Back 46

deja vu.

Front 47

Repression is an example of

Back 47

motivated forgetting.

Front 48

Which of the following best describes the typical forgetting curve?

Back 48

a rapid initial decline in retention becoming stable thereafter

Front 49

Craik and Tulving had subjects process words visually, acoustically, or semantically. In a subsequent recall test, which type of processing resulted in the greatest retention?

Back 49

semantic

Front 50

Information is maintained in short-term memory only briefly unless it is

Back 50

rehearsed. .

Front 51

The three steps in memory information processing are

Back 51

encoding, storage, retrieval.

Front 52

After suffering damage to the hippocampus, a person would probably

Back 52

lose the ability to store new facts.

Front 53

Our short-term memory span is approximately ________ items.

Back 53

7

Front 54

Research on memory construction reveals that memories

Back 54

reflect a person's biases and assumptions.

Front 55

Studies by Loftus and Palmer, in which subjects were quizzed about a film of an accident, indicate that

Back 55

subjects' recall may easily be affected by misleading information.

Front 56

Lashley's studies, in which rats learned a maze and then had various parts of their brains surgically removed, showed that the memory

Back 56

remained no matter which area of the brain was tampered with.

Front 57

The first thing Karen did when she discovered that she had misplaced her keys was to re-create in her mind the day's events. That she had little difficulty in doing so illustrates

Back 57

automatic processing.

Front 58

Elderly Mr. Flanagan can easily recall his high school graduation, but he cannot remember the name of the president of the United States. Evidently, Mr. Flanagan's ________ memory is better than his ________ memory.

Back 58

episodic; semantic

Front 59

Which of the following is NOT a measure of retention?

Back 59

retrieval

Front 60

Although you can't recall the answer to a question on your psychology midterm, you have a clear mental image of the textbook page on which it appears. Evidently, your ________ encoding of the answer was ________.

Back 60

visual; automatic

Front 61

Memory for skills is called

Back 61

implicit memory.

Front 62

Hypnotically "refreshed" memories may prove inaccurate—especially if the hypnotist asks leading questions—because of

Back 62

memory construction.

Front 63

Craik and Watkins gave subjects a list of words to be recalled. When subjects were tested after a delay, the items that were best recalled were those

Back 63

at the beginning of the list.

Front 64

Jenkins and Dallenbach found that memory was better in subjects who were ________ during the retention interval, presumably because ________ was reduced.

Back 64

asleep; interference

Front 65

Studies demonstrate that learning causes permanent neural changes in the ________ of animals' neurons

Back 65

synapses