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217 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What verb is used to express existence, to say "there is / there are"?
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есть
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What verb is used to express possession, to say I have, you have, he has, etc.?
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есть
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Can есть be declined in the present tense for gender or number?
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No [In the present tense, eсть never declines. Period.]
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Translate the English. В на'шем институ'те [there is a] теа'тр.
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есть
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Translate the English. На ет'ом факультe'те [there is a] библиоте'ка.
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есть
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Translate the English. В библиоте'ке [there are] кни'ги по исто'рии кино'.
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есть
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What word expresses the negative form of есть?
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нет [there isn't/ I don't have, etc.]
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In what case is subject of нет expressed?
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genitive [where есть uses the nominative, нет uses the genitive]
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Translate the English. В на'шем институ'те [there is no swimming pool].
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нет бассе'йна [there is no of swimming pool]
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Translate the English. В на'шем райо'не [there is no library].
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нет библиоте'ки [there is no of library]
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What verb expresses the past and future tense of есть?
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быть [there was/were; there will be]
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Must быть agree in gender and number with the subject of the sentence?
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Yes. [While есть is indeclinable, быть must agree with gender and number.]
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Translate the English. В Москве' [there was а] кинофестива'ль.
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был [agrees with the subject, кинофестива'л]
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Translate the English. В Москве' [there was a] вы'ставка Шага'ла.
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была [agrees with the subject, вы'ставка]
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Translate the English. В Москве' [there will be а] кинофестива'ль.
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бу'дет [agrees with the subject, кинофестива'л ]
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Translate the English. В Москве' [there were] интере'сные конце'рты.
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бы'ли [agrees with the subject, конце'рты]
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To negate быть in the future tense, one says, _____ будет.
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не [не будет]
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Translate the English. В на'шем го'роде [there will be no] кинофестива'ля.
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не бу'дет
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The preposition -у- means "at." The phrase -у Джима- means:
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at Jim's, or at Jim
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Russians do not say, "Jim has а Jeep"; instead they say, in Russian:
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У Джи'ма есть Джи'йп. [At Jim (there is a ) Jeep]
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Since the phrase -у + noun- connotes possession, the possessor must be in the _____ case.
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genitive
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Translate: Tanya has a sister.
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У Та'ни е'сть сестра'.
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Translate: Sergei has a car.
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У Серге'я есть маши'на.
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Translate: Tanya will have an exam.
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У Та'ни бу'дет екза'мен.
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The phrase -y + noun- can also mean literally at some place. Translate: She is at the doctor's.
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Она' у врача'.
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Translate: В на'шем го'роде есть музе'й.
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In our city there is a museum.
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Translate: У нас в го'роде есть музе'й.
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In our city there is a museum.
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Which is correct? В на'шем го'роде есть музе'й. У нас в го'роде есть музе'й.
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Both are correct, though -У нас в го'роде есть музе'й- is more frequent.
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Translate, using the most common construction: In our city there is a museum.
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У нас в го'роде есть музе'й.
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Translate, using the alternative construction: In our city there is a museum.
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В на'шем го'роде есть музе'й.
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When using есть to discuss possession, when does one use -у- аnd when does one use -в-?
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One uses -y- with genitive, when the possessor is a person; -в- with prepositional, when the possessor is not a person. У Джи'ма есть Джийп. В Джийпе есть ра'дио.
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Translate: I have a computer.
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У меня' есть компью'тер.
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Translate: Оur city has an airport.
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В на'шем го'роде есть аэропо'рт. У нас в городе' есть аэропорт
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True or false: when possession or existence is not in question, the verb есть may be omitted.
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True.
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Translate: Does Tanya have a dog?
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У Tа'ни есть соба'ка?
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Translate: Yes, Tanya has a large dog.
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Да, у Та'ни больша'я соба'ка. [ есть is omitted, since possession or existence is not in doubt]
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Translate: No, Tanya does not have a dog.
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Нет, у Та'ни нет собаки. [dog is in the genitive case: Tanya has no of dog.]
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Review: Есть is used in statements of existence or possession. The negative form of есть is _____.
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нет
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Review: Быть ехpresses the future and past tense of _____.
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есть
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Supply the missing word: бу'ду, бу'дешь, бу'дет, бу'дете, бу'дем, _____.
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бу'дут.
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Supply the missing words: был, была, было, _____.
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бы'ли
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Translate: Tanya was not at the institute today.
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Та'ня не была' сего'дня в институ'те. Tanya is in the nominative case.
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Note well. When one wishes to put special emphasize on the absence of a person or object, one uses the phrase, не' было with the subject in the genitive case.
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Та'ни не' былo сего'дня в институ'те. Of Tanya there was not at the institute today.
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Translate, putting the emphasis on Tanya: Tanya was not at the institute today. The emphasis is on Tanya.
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Та'ня не была' сего'дня в институ'те. Tanya is in the nominative case.
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Translate, putting special emphasis on Tanya's absence: Tanya was not at the institute today.
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Та'ни не' былo сего'дня в институ'те. Of Tanya there was not at the institute today.
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Translate, putting the emphasis on John: John was not at the institute today. The emphasis is on John.
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Джон не был сего'дня в институ'те. John is in the nominative case.
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Translate, putting special emphasis on John's absence: John was not at the institute today.
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Джона не' былo сего'дня в институ'те. Of John there was not at the institute today.
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Translate, putting the emphasis on Sergei and Tanya : Sergei and Tanya were not at the institute today.
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Серге'й и Та'ня не бы'ли сего'дня в институ'те. Sergei and Tanya are in the nominative case.
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Translate, putting the special emphasis on Sergei and Tanya : Sergei and Tanya were not at the institute today.
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Серге'я и Та'ни не бы'лo сего'дня в институ'те. Of Sergei and Tanya there was not at the institute today.
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When using the phrase, не' было, to emphasize absence is it pronounced as one word or two?
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One [it is pronounced as one word; note that only не' is stressed: не' было.]
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When the preposition -y- is used with его',еë, or их, the letter -н- is added as a prefix to the pronoun. Translate: He has a car.
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У него' есть маши'на.
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Translate: She has a car.
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У неë есть маши'на.
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Translate: They have a car.
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У них есть маши'на.
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However, the -н- prefix is not applied to possessive pronouns. Provide the missing word. У _____ дру'га есть маши'на.
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eë [not неë]
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Translate: His friend has a car.
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У его дру'га есть маши'на.
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Translate: Their friend has a car.
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У их дру'га есть маши'на.
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Translate: He has a car. She has a car. They have a car.
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У него' есть маши'на. У неë есть маши'на. У них есть маши'на.
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To form the imperative, first find the stem by dropping the ют (ут) or ят (ат) from the third person plural. What is the stem of чита'ют?
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чита'
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Тo form the imperative, find the stem by dropping the _____ from the third person plural.
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-ют- (-ут-) or -ят- (-ат-)
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What is the stem of любят?
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люб [любя'т minus -ят-]
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What is the stem of гото'вить?
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гото'в [гото'вят minus -ят-]
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What is the stem of ответча'ть?
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ответча' [ответчают minus ют]
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There are four simple rules for forming the imperative, depending on whether the stem ends in a vowel, in one consonant or in two consonants. There are _____ rules.
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four
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(1) If the stem ends in a vowel, to form the imperative add й. Thus, the stem отвеча' becomes _____.
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ответча'й
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What is the imperative of чита'ть?
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чита'й
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(2) If the stem ends in two or more consonants, to form the imperative add и. Thus, the stem отдохн becomes the imperative _____.
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отдохни' [отдохну'т minus -ут- plus -и]
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What is the imperative of смотре'ть?
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смотри' [смотря'т minus -ят- plus -и]
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Review: what is the imperative of чита'ть?
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чита'й [чита'ют minus -ют- plus -и]
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Review: what is the imperative of смотре'ть?
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смотри' [смотря'т minus -ят- plus -и]
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(3) If the stem ends in a single consonant and the stress in the third person singular falls on the ending add и. Тhus, говоря'т [говори'т (third person singular) ]becomes _____.
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говори' [говоря'т minus-ят- plus -и]
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What is the imperative of спеша'ть [to hurry]?
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спеши' [спеша'т minus -ат- plus -и]
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Review: what is the imperative of чита'ть? [stem ends in vowel]
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чита'й
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Review: what is the imperative of смотре'ть? [stem ends in two consonants]
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смотри' [смотря'т minus -ят- plus-и]
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Review: what is the imperative of спеша'ть [stem ends in one consonant and stress in the third person singular falls on the ending]?
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спеши' [спеша'т minus -ат- plus -и]
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(4) If the stem ends in a single consonant and the ending in the third person singular is never stressed, to form the imperative add ь. Тhus the stem гото'в becomes _____.
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гото'вь [гото'вят minus -ят- plus-ь]
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What is the imperative of знако'мить [stem ends in one consonant and the ending is never stressed]
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знако'мь
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Review: what is the imperative of чита'ть? [stem ends in vowel]
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чита'й
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Review: what is the imperative of смотре'ть? [stem ends in two consonants]
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смотри' [смотря'т minus ят plus и]
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Review: what is the imperаtive of спеша'ть [stem ends in one consonant and stress in the first person singular falls on the ending]?
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спеши' [спеша'т minus ат plus и]
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Review: what is the imperative of знако'мить [stem ends in one consonant and the ending in the first person singular is never stressed]?
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знако'мь
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When employing a negative imperative, which form of the verb is used, imperfective or perfective?
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imperfective
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Translate: Don't write [писа'ть].
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Не пиши'. [с becomes ш]
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Translate: Don't wait [ждать].
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Не жди.
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Which is correct? Не посмотри'. Не смотри'.
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Не смотри'.
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Which is correct? Не прочита'и. Не чита'й.
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Не чита'й
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Тhere are fewer than a dozen neuter nouns ending in мя, such as и'мя, that are declined irregularly. The endings are nom: я, acc: я, gen: ени, prep: ени, dat: ени, or я-я-ени-ени-еии. Supply the accusitive form of и'мя.
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и'мя
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What is the genitive form of и'мя?
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и'мени
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What is the dative form of и'мя?
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и'мени
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What is the accusative form of и'мя?
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и'мя
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What is the meaning of the verb мочь?
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to be able
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Supply the missing word: могу', _____, мо'жет, мо'жем, мо'жете, мо'гут.
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мо'жешь
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Supply the missing word: могу', мо'жешь, мо'жет, _____, мо'жете, мо'гут.
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мо'жем
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Supply the missing word: могу', мо'жешь, _____, мо'жем, мо'жете, мо'гут.
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мо'жет
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Supply the missing word: могу', мо'жешь, мо'жет, мо'жем, _____, мо'гут.
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мо'жете
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Supply the missing word: _____', мо'жешь, мо'жет, мо'жем, мо'жете, мо'гут.
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могу'
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Тhe past tense conjugation of мочь is: мог, могла', могло', and the plural _____.
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могли'
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Supply the missing word: мог, _____, могло', могли'.
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могла'
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Supply the missing word: мог, моглa', _____, могли'.
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могло'
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То form the perfective of мочь, simply add the prefix _____.
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с
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What is the perfective future first person singular of мочь?
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смогу' [смогу', смо'жешь, смо'жет, смо'жем, смо'жете, смогу'т]
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What is the perfective future third person singular of мочь?
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смо'жет [смогу', смо'жешь, смо'жет, смо'жем, смо'жете, смогу'т]
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What is the perfective past masculine singular of мочь?
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смог [смог, смогла', смогло, смогли']
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What is the perfective past feminine singular of мочь?
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смогла' [смог, смогла', смогло, смогли']
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The -авай- type verbs, дава'ть (дава'й), for example, have alternation (авай becomes ай) in the present tense (but not in the past or imperative). Supply thе missing word: даю', даëшь, даëт, _____, даëте, даю'т.
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даëм
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Supply the missing word: _____, даëшь, даëт, даëм, даëте, даю'т.
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даю'
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Supply the missing word: даю', даëшь, даëт, даëм, даëте, _____.
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даю'т
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Supply the missing word: даю', даëшь, даëт, даëм, _____, даю'т.
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даëте
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Supply the past tense masculine, feminine, neuter and plural for дава'ть.
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дава'л, дава'ла, дава'ло, дава'ли
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Supply the imperative of дава'ть.
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дава'й [reminder: авай verbs have alternation in the present tense (авай becomes ай), but not in the imperative. Thus дава'ть becomes даю' даëшь, etc. But the imperative, with no alternation, is давай ["даваю'т" minus ют plus й]]
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What is the perfective of дава'ть?
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дать
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Supply the imperative of дать.
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дай [даю'т minus ют plus й]
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Supply the past tense masculine, feminine and neuter for да'ть [perfective form of дава'ть].
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дал, дала', да'ло,да'ли [The -авай- type verbs, дава'ть (дава'й), for example, have alternation (авай becomes ай) in the present tense (but not in the past or imperative)].
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The perfective future of дать is дам, дашь, даст, дади'м, дади'те, _____.
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даду'т
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Supply the missing word: дам, дашь, даст, _____, дади'те, даду'т.
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дади'м
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Supply the missing word: дам, дашь,_____, дади'м, дади'те, даду'т.
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даст
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Supply the missing word: _____, дашь, даст, дади'м, дади'те, даду'т.
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дам
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Supply the missing word: дам, дашь, даст, дади'м, _____, даду'т.
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дади'те
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Short-form adjectives are formed by adding the appropriate gender or number ending to the adjectival stem. Thus, the stem здоров becomes: M здоро'в, F здоро'ва, N здоро'во, Plural _____.
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здоро'вы
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If a long-form adjective stem ends in two consonants, the masculine short form inserts an e or an o between the two consonants. The root of свобо'дны [free, unoccupied] is свобо'дн and, thus, in the masculine becomes _____.
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свобо'ден [свобо'дн with an -e- inserted between the consonants]
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Supply the missing short-form adjective: _____, свобо'дна, свобо'дно, свобо'дны.
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свобо'ден [свобо'дн with an -e- inserted between the consonants]
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Supply the missing short-form adjective: свобо'ден, свобо'дна, _____, свобо'дны.
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свобо'дно
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Short-form adjectives may be used in the past and future with the help of the link verb быть. Translate: He was free.
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Он был свобо'ден.
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Translate: They were free.
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Они были свободны.
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Translate: She will be free.
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Она' бу'дет свобо'дна.
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Translate: I [masculine] will be free.
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Я бу'ду свобо'ден.
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Long-form adjectives can be used attributively (Па'вел хоро'ший музика'нт) or as a predicate (Этот музика'нт тала'нтливый.)
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No response.
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However, short-form adjectives can be used only as a predicate. Choose the correct word: Наш де'душка сейча'с [больно'й / бо'лен].
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бо'лен
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Supply the long-form adjective using the root труд: Это _____ упражне'ние.
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тру'дное
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Supply the short-form adjective using the root труд: Это упражне'ние _____.
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тру'дно
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Supply the long-form adjective using the root боль (as in больной [sick]): Наш де'душка -- _____челове'к.
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больно'й
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Supply the short-form adjective using the root боль: Наш де'душка сейча'с _____.
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бо'лен
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Supply the short-form adjective using the root боль: Наш ба'бушка сейча'с _____.
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болна'
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The particle -ся- does not affect the conjugation of the verb, rather it is always added to the conjugated verb. Thus, the first person plural of учи'ться, for example, is _____.
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учи'мся [учи'м plus -ся]
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While the particle -ся- follows vowels, the particle _____ follows consonants.
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-сь-
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Supply the missing word in the conjugation of учи'тся : учу'сь, у'чишься, у'чется, _____, у'читесь, у'чатся.
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у'чимся
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Supply the missing word: учу'сь, у'чишься, у'чется, у'чимся, _____, у'чатся.
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у'читесь
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Supply the missing word: _____, у'чишься, у'чется, y'чимся, у'читесь, у'чатся.
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учу'сь
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Supply the missing word: учу'сь, _____, у'чется, у'чимся, у'читесь, у'чатся.
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у'чишся
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What is the informal imperative of учи'ться?
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учи'сь [у'чатся minus -ат- plus -ся]
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What is the formal imperative of учи'ться?
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учи'тесь [у'чатся minus -ат- plus second person plural ending -те- plus -сь]
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The past tense of -ся- verbs is formed by adding the particle -ся- to the usual past tense form of the verb. Thus the masculine past tense of учи'ться is _____.
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учи'лся
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Supply the missing word: учи'лся, _____, учи'лось, учи'лись.
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учи'лась
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Supply the missing word: учи'лся, учи'лась, _____, учи'лись.
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учи'лось
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Supply the missing word: учи'лся, учи'лась, учи'лось, _____.
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учи'лись
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The preposition по governing the dative case has a variety of meanings. When followed by a noun denoting a branch of science or field of work, the preposition по means "in the field of" or "on." Supply the missing word: Ан'на Бори'совна -- специали'ст _____ Русской литерату'ре.
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по
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Translate: Anna Borisovna is a specialist in Russian literature.
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Ан'на Бори'совна -- специали'ст по Русской литерату'ре.
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Note all the use of по in certain adverbial constructions, as in "by" or "on" Supply the missing word: Мы говори'ли _____ телефо'ну.
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по
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Translate: I heard it on the radio.
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Я слы'шал э'то по ра'дио.
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Translate: Misha saw this on television.
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Ми'ша ви'дел э'то по телеви'зору.
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The following are verbs highlighted in Unit 7.
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No response.
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What is the meaning of the irregular verb вы'зывать?
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to send for, to call upon
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Supply the missing word in the conjugation of вы'зывать: вы'зову, вы'зовешь, _____, вы'зовем, вы'зовете, вы'зовут.
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вы'зoвет
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Supply the missing word: вы'зову, _____ вы'зовет, вы'зовем, вы'зовете, вы'зовут.
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вы'зовешь
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Supply the missing word: _____, вы'зовешь, вы'зовет, вы'зовем, вы'зовете, вы'зовут.
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вы'зову
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Supply the missing word: вы'зову, вы'зовешь, вы'зовет, _____, вы'зовете, вы'зовут.
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вы'зовем
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Supply the missing word: вы'зову, вы'зовешь, вы'зовет, вы'зовем, вы'зовете, _____.
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вы'зовут
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Supply the missing word: вы'зову, вы'зовешь, вы'зовет, вы'зовем, _____, вы'зовут.
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вы'зовете
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The past tense endings of вы'зывать are conventional. Supply the missing past tense words: M_____, F _____, N_____, Pl _____.
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вы'звал, вы'звала, вы'звало, вы'звали
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What is the meaning of the irregular verb дават'ь?
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to give
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Supply the missing word in the conjugation of дава'ть: даю', даëшь, даëт, даëм, _____, даю'т.
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даëте
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Supply the missing word: даю', даëшь, даëт, _____, даëте, даю'т.
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даëм
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Supply the missing word: даю', даëшь, даëт, даëм, даëте____.
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дают'
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Supply the missing word: _____, даëшь, даëт, даëм, даëте, даю'т.
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даю'
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Supply the missing word: даю', _____ , даëт, даëм, даëте, даю'т.
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даëшь
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Supply the missing word: даю', даëшь, _____, даëм, даëте, даю'т.
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даëт
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The past tense endings of дава'ть are conventional. Supply the missing past tense words: M_____, F _____, N_____, Pl _____.
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дава'л, дава'ла, дава'ло, дава'ли
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What is the perfective of дава'ть?
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дать
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Supply the missing word in the conjugation of дать: дам, дашь, даст, _____, дади'те, даду'т.
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дади'м
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Supply the missing word: дам, дашь,_____, дади'м, дади'те, даду'т.
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даст
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Supply the missing word: _____, дашь, даст, дади'м, дади'те, даду'т.
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дам
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Supply the missing word: дам, дашь, даст, дади'м, _____, даду'т.
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дади'те
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Supply the missing word: дам, _____, даст, дади'м, дади'те, даду'т.
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дашь
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Supply the missing word: дам, дашь, даст, дади'м, дади'те, _____.
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даду'т
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The past tense endings of да'ть are conventional. Supply the missing past tense words: M_____, F _____, N_____, Pl _____.
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дал, дала', да'ло,да'ли
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What is the meaning of the verb ждать?
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to wait
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Supply the missing word in the conjugation of ждать: жду, ждëшь, ждëт, _____, ждëте, ждут.
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ждëм
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Supply the missing word: _____, ждëшь, ждëт, ждëм , ждëте, ждут.
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жду
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Supply the missing word: жду, _____, ждëт, ждëм, ждëте, ждут.
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ждëшь
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Supply the missing word: жду, ждëшь, ждëт, ждëм, _____, ждут.
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ждëте
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Supply the missing word: жду, ждëшь, ждëт,ждëм, ждëте, _____.
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ждут
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Supply the missing word: жду, ждëшь, _____,ждëм, ждëте, ждут.
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ждëт
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The past tense endings of жда'ть are conventional. Supply the missing past tense words: M_____, F _____, N_____, Pl _____.
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ждал, ждала', жда'ло, жда'ли
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What is the meaning of the irregular verb мочь?
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can, to be able
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Supply the missing word in the conjugation of мочь: могу', _____, мо'жет, мо'жем, мо'жете, мо'гут.
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мо'жешь
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Supply the missing word: могу', мо'жешь, мо'жет, _____, мо'жете, мо'гут.
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мо'жем
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Supply the missing word: могу', мо'жешь, _____, мо'жем, мо'жете, мо'гут.
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мо'жет
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Supply the missing word: могу', мо'жешь, мо'жет, мо'жем, _____, мо'гут.
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мо'жете
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Supply the missing word: _____', мо'жешь, мо'жет, мо'жем, мо'жете, мо'гут.
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могу'
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Supply the past tense conjugation of мочь: M_____, F _____, N_____, Pl _____.
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мог, могла', могло', могли'
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What is the meaning of the verb нача'ть?
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to begin
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Supply the missing word in the conjugation of нача'ть: начну', начнëшь, начнëт, _____, начнëте, начну'т
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начнëм
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Supply the missing word: начну', _____, начнëт, начнëм, начнëте, начну'т
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начнëшь
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Supply the missing word: начну', начнëшь, _____, начнëм, начнëте, начну'т
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начнëт
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Supply the missing word: начну', начнëшь, начнëт, начнëм, начнëте, _____
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начну'т
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Supply the missing word: _____, начнëшь, начнëт, начнëм, начнëте, начну'т
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начну'
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Supply the missing word: начну', начнëшь, начнëт, начнëм, _____, начну'т
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начнëте
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Supply the past tense conjugation of начнат'ь: M_____, F _____, N_____, Pl _____.
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на'чал, начала', на'чало, на'чали
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What is the meaning of the perfective verb закрыть?
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to close
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Supply the missing word in the conjugation of закры'ть: закро'ю, закро'ешь, _____, закро'ем, закро'ете, закро'ют
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закро'ет
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Supply the missing word: закро'ю, _____, закро'ет, закро'ем, закро'ете, закро'ют
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закро'ешь
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Supply the missing word: _____, закро'ешь, закро'ет, закро'ем, закро'ете, закро'ют
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закро'ю
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Supply the missing word: закро'ю, закро'ешь, закро'ет, закро'ем, _____, закро'ют
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закро'ете
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Supply the missing word: закро'ю, закро'ешь, закро'ет, _____, закро'ете, закро'ют
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закро'ем
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Supply the missing word: закро'ю, закро'ешь, закро'ет, закро'ем, закро'ете, _____.
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закро'ют
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Supply the past tense conjugation of закры'ть: M_____, F _____, N_____, Pl _____.
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закры'л, закры'ла, закры'ло, закры'ли
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What is the meaning of the word нельзя'?
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(You) can't do this. [Insight: не = not + root лез = benefit, use; поле'зный = useful]
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Translate: You can't do this.
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Так нельзя'.
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What is the meaning of future perfective verb поня'ть?
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to understand
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Supply the missing word in the conjugation of поня'т: пойму', поймëшь, поймëт, поймëм, _____, пойму'т.
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поймëте
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Supply the missing word: пойму', _____, поймëт, поймëм, поймëте, пойму'т.
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поймëшь
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Supply the missing word: _____ поймëшь, поймëт, поймëм, почмëте, пойму'т.
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пойму'
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Supply the missing word: пойму', поймëшь, поймëм, поймëте, _____, пойму'т.
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поймëм
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Supply the missing word: пойму', поймëшь, поймëт, поймëм,поймëте, _____.
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пойму'т
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Supply the missing word: пойму', поймëшь, _____, поймëм, поймëте, пойму'т.
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поймëт
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What are the informal and formal imperative forms of поня'ть?
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пойми' and пойми'те [пойму'т minus ут plus и ; пойму'т minus ут plus и and plus те]
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Supply the past tense conjugation of поня'ть: М_____, F_____, N_____, Pl _____.
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по'нял, поняла', по'няло, по'няли. [when я is not stressed, it is pronounced и, thus, по'нял is pronounced по'нил, etc.
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Это всë! Ни пу'ха ни пера'!
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That's all. Good luck! (Dont forget to study the Unit 7 Vocabulary flashcards entitled Live from Moscow! Vocabulary, Unit 7)
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