Unit 7: Regulation, Nervous System, Endocrine System

Front 1

Stimulus

Back 1

Anything that occurs that causes a reaction or response
Ex- Fire causes you to say OUCH! The fire is the...

Front 2

Response

Back 2

The reaction of an organism to a stimulus
Ex- Saying OUCH when you touch the fire

Front 3

Homeostasis

Back 3

The constant regulation of an organism's internal environment in order to stay balanced

Front 4

Regulation

Back 4

The control and coordination of all life functions in order to maintain Homeostasis ; this is accomplished by both the Nervous system and the Endocrine systems

Front 5

Nervous System

Back 5

The body system that coordinates the actions of an animal and transmits signals (impulses) to every part of the body

Front 6

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Back 6

The control center of the nervous system controlling both voluntary and involuntary processes

Front 7

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Back 7

Consists of all of the nerves outside of the central nervous system. These nerves coordinate messages between all parts of the body and the central nervous system.

Front 8

Voluntary Actions

Back 8

Any process that occurs as a result of the organism thinking about it (have control over)
Ex- Speaking, running, karate chopping

Front 9

Involuntary Actions

Back 9

Any process that occurs without any thought automatically (have no control over)
Ex- Digestion, heartbeat, reflexes

Front 10

Cerebrum

Back 10

-Center for voluntary activities
-Interprets messages from sensory neurons
-Involves memory, thought, and reasoning

Front 11

Cerebellum

Back 11

Coordinates motor activities and maintains balance

Front 12

Medulla

Back 12

Controls involuntary activities such as breathing, heartbeat, peristalsis, and blood pressure

Front 13

Spinal Cord

Back 13

A bundle of nerves attached to the brain that runs down the back. This is in charge of Reflexes and protected by the vertebrae.

Front 14

Neuron

Back 14

a nerve cell ; makes up the nervous system

It's shape is like telephone wires so it can send and receive signals

Front 15

Sensory Neuron

Back 15

Picks up a stimulus from a sense organ (seeing, hearing, taste, touch, smell) and carries a message to the central nervous system (interneurons)

Front 16

Interneuron

Back 16

The "middle man" found only in the brain and spinal cord. These neurons carry impulses between sensory and motor neurons

Front 17

Motor neuron

Back 17

Transfers impulses from interneurons to muscles and gland telling them what to do

Front 18

Impulse

Back 18

Electrical signal that travels through the nervous system from neuron to neuron

Front 19

Dendrite

Back 19

Carry impulses toward the cell body

Front 20

Cell Body

Back 20

Core of the cell containing the nucleus

Front 21

Axon

Back 21

"Wire" that carries impulses away from the cell body

Front 22

Myelin Sheath

Back 22

Lipid (Fats) covering the axon which helps to insultate

Front 23

Terminal Branches

Back 23

Releases neurotransmitters in order to pass on the impulse

Front 24

Neurotransmitters

Back 24

Chemical that travels over the synapse

Front 25

Synapse

Back 25

The space between the terminal branches of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron

Front 26

Reflex Refractory Period

Back 26

brief period of time after an impulse has traveled through a neuron where it cannot fire a second time (it must reset)

Front 27

Endocrine System

Back 27

regulatory system that uses hormones released from glands to produce changes within the body

Front 28

Hormones

Back 28

The chemical messengers released by the endocrine gland to help maintain homeostasis

Front 29

Target Cell

Back 29

These are the cells or tissue that the hormone is to act on. It has receptors on it that will bind with the hormone which will, in turn, affect it in some way.

Front 30

Glands

Back 30

organs that produce hormones

Front 31

Negative Feedback

Back 31

A system in which hormones are used to control the levels of other substances in keeping homeostasis

Front 32

Insulin

Back 32

Released by the pancreas removes sugar from the blood (put into storage)

Front 33

Glucagon

Back 33

Released by the pancreas, releases sugar into the blood (from storage)

Front 34

Diabetes

Back 34

When not enough insulin is being produces to remove sugar from the blood