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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vascular plants |
plants with stems |
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xylem |
the tube through which water and minerals move up a plant's stem |
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phloem |
the tube through which food from the leaves moves throughout the rest of the plant |
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simple leaf |
a leaf that grows from a single stem |
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cuticle |
a waxy substance that covers a leaf's surface |
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chlorophyll |
the substance that absorbs sunlight inside a leaf |
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compound leaf |
a leaf that grows in a cluster |
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stimulus |
something in the environment that causes a living thing to respond |
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tropism |
plant's growth in response to a stimulus |
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What are vascular plants? |
plants with stems that draw water from the soil into their roots & up through their stems to their top branches |
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What is a cambium? |
a layer of cells that separate the xylem & phloem |
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Woody stems are __________ and __________ with protective bark. |
tough, strong |
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Stems with many flowers are usually ________ _________. |
soft stems |
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List two things stems can store? |
Food (sugar cane) or water (cacti) |
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List two important roles of the root |
They absorb water and nutrients from the soil and they anchor the plant in the ground |
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How does water make it to the top of tall plants? |
Plants transpire water through their leaves creating pressure that pulls the water up the xylem, all the way up to the highest levels |
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What is a stomata? |
tiny holes in the outer layer of a leaf's epidermis |
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What controls the amount of air entering the plant and the amount of water exiting the plant in a stomata? |
guard cells |
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Why is the waxy coating covering the epidermis of a leaf that stay green year round & prevents the leaves/needles from losing too much water in the cold, dry weather? |
cuticle |
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When a plant has plenty of water, guard cells _______ ______ in order for the stomata to pull open. |
swell up |
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What does the stomata do in when the temperature is high & why? |
they close in order to reduce water loss from transpiration |
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What features does a plant leaf have that helps them capture sunlight for photosynthesis? |
broad, flat surfaces |
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What else, in addition to sunlight, do plants use for the photosynthesis process? |
water, mineral, & carbon dioxide |
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Where does photosynthesis occur? |
within plant cells structures called chloroplasts. |
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What green substance contained in chloroplast, absorbs sunlight inside the leaf? |
Chlorophyll |
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Where do plants deposit sugar? |
some remain in the plant's leaves, but most is transported through the phloem to the stems and roots where it is stored. |
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What kind of plant traps insects or other small animals to eat? |
Carnivorous plants (they are not really carnivores) |
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What does the Venus flytrap get when it eats an insect? |
it gets nutrients, not energy |
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How does a plant respond to stimulus? |
It changes its direction or pattern of growth |
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What are some plant stimulus? |
light, water, & gravity |
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How do plants respond to light? |
by growing toward the source of light |
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How do plants respond to water? |
by growing their roots toward the water's source |
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How do plants respond to gravity? |
most stems will grow upward, against the pull of gravity |
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The growth responses of plants to light , water, & gravity (environment), is called |
tropism |
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What are some plant adaptations? |
they conserve water with the help of their cuticles which keep water inside. Flowers attract pollinators that help reproduce plants. |
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List the photosynthesis process: |
carbon dioxide +water+ Sun > oxygen + sugar (reactants) (products) |
