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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Process of forming human cells. Man produce sperm and women produce oocytes |
Gametogenesis |
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How many chromosomes Human somatic have |
23 |
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Which cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes? Diploid or haploid |
DIPLOID |
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Contain genes that code for cellular function and human characteristics like skin, eye color,height |
Autosome |
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Contain genes that code for male or female sex |
Sex chromosome |
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How many daugther cells the process of mitosis yield |
2 |
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How many daughter cells the process of meiosis yields |
4 |
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Fusion of male and female gametes |
Fertilization |
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How many pairs of autosomes are found in human somatic cells |
22 |
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Somatic cell division |
Mitosis |
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Sex cell division |
Meiosis |
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Produces daugther cells that are diploid |
Mitosis |
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Produces daugther cells that are haploid |
Meiosis |
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Cell division that Includes a process called passing over |
Meiosis |
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A chromosome that initially has 2 identical sisters chromatids joined at the centromere |
Replicated chromosome |
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A homologous material chromosome and paternal chromosome |
Pair of chromosomes |
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Uterine tube |
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Ovaries |
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Fibriae |
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Infundibulum |
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Fiambriae |
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Ovary |
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Uterine tube |
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Inner portion of the ovaries known |
Medulla |
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Most primitive follicle. Consist of a primary oocyte surrounded by a layer of follicle cell. |
Primordial follicle |
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Forms from primary follicle. Consist of a primary oocyte, layers of granuloma cells and antrum |
Secondary follicle |
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Forms from secondary follicle. Completed meiosis 1 |
Mature or tertiary follicle |
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Forms from remanants of mature follicle. It secretes progesteron and estrogen |
Corpus lutem |
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Formed from corpus luteum. White connective tissue. Most structure absorbed |
Corpus albicans |
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Maturation of primary oocyte to secondary oocyte |
Oogenesis |
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3 phases of ovarian cycle |
Follicular Ovulation Luteal |
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4 segments of the uterine tube |
Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus Uterine part |
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Function of uterine tube |
Transport ovulated oocyte to uterus |
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Segment where fertilization occurs |
Ampulla segment of uterine tube |
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4 anatomic regions of uterus |
Fundus Body Isthmus Cervix |
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The follicles are found in the ovarian ____ |
Cortex |
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What gland produces seminal plasmin and PSA |
Prostate gland |
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Alternative names for uterine tubes |
Fallopian tubes Oviducts |
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When oogenesis begins |
Before birth |
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When ovulation begins |
At puberty |
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3 major accesory glands of the male reproductive system |
Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Bulborethral gland
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Granylosa cells |
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List where Sperm passes through to the external environment |
Seminiferous tubule Epididymis Vas deferens Ejaculatory duct Urethra |
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What component of the Male duct system stores sperm until fully mature |
Epididymis |
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What component of the male duct system has thick walls and enlarges to form ampulla, and is neccessary for moving sperm |
Ductus deferens |
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What substance the seminal vesicles produce |
Alkaline fluid with fructose and prostaglandins |
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What substance the prostate gland produce |
Seminal plasmin and PSA (prostate specific antigen) |
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Hormones involved in spermatogenesis |
Gnrh Fsh and LH ABP Testosterone Inhibin |
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Main steps of spermatogenesis |
1. Spermatid becomes mature 2. Excess cytoplasm shed and nucleus elongates 3. Acrosone cap forms over nucleus 4. Tail forms from orginised tubules |
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Order of how immature sperm passes through and out of the testes |
Seminiferous tubule Rete testis Efferent ductile Epididymis |
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Endometrium |
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involves a single cell division and results in two diploid cells |
Mitosis |
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What is the normal chromosome number in a human cell? |
46 |
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Involves two cell divisions and result in 4 haploid daughter cells |
Meiosis |
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What occurs before mitosis or meiosis? |
DNA replication |
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During meiosis, homologous pairs of chromosomes can exchange pieces of DNA after they _____ |
SYNAPSE |
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Zona pellucida |
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Sperminiferous tubule |
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Spermatic cord |
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Uterine cavity |
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The process of homologous pairing al ok ng the length of chromosomes during meiosis is known as____ |
Synapsis |
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What is exchanged during crossing over? |
Genetic material |
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External OS |
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Seminal vesicle |
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Which cells produce testosterone |
Interstitial cells |
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How many sperm are produced in the testes each day? |
60 million |
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Which duct of the male reproductory system passes through the prostate gland? |
Ejaculatory ducts |
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Secondary follicle |
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Corona radiata |
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Different orientation of chromosomes along the cell equator during metaphase 1, resulting in gametes with different combinations of parental chromosomes is known as ____ |
Independent assortment |
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Gonadrotropic releasing hormone is released by the ___ |
Hypothalamus |
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What hormone e prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum? |
Human chorionic gonadotropin |
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Decreasing levels of ____ lead to sloughing, or shedding of the endometrial linning |
Progesterone |
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By What ligament is the ovary attached to the uterus and is held in place by what other ligament |
Ovarian , suspensory |
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Where the ovarian follicles found |
Cortex of the ovary |
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Clitoris |
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Suspensory ligament |
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Primary oocyte |
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Myometrium |
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Primary ovarian follicle |
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Vagina |
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Broad ligament |
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What is the name of the germ cell from wich sperm arise |
Spermatogonia |
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Secondary spermatocytes divide to form |
Spermatids |
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The nongerm cells of the seminiferous tubule epithelium are known as____ |
Sustentacular cells |
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Prostate |
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Correct sequence of embryonic stages |
Zygote Morula Blastocyst Embryoblast |
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What stimulates the secondary oocyte to complete meiosis 2 |
When a sperm. Cell penetrates the oocyte membrane |
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Which 2 hormones influence the endometrium to thicken and prepare for implantation |
Progesterone and estrogen |
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What is the production of immature oocytes in the ovary called? |
Oogenesis |
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Fundus |
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3 stages of labor |
Early and late dialation Expulsion Placental |
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Product of fertilization |
Zygote |
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Diploid cell produced when ovum and sperm pronuclei fuse |
Zygote |
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What phase of preembrionic period sperm penetrates secondary oocyte. It completes meiosis 2 resulting on ovum and sperm plasma fuse |
Fertilization |
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Where implantation occurs |
Functional layer of endometrium of uterus |
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Chromosomes pairs arranged by size and similar features |
Karyotype |
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Variants of 1 gene found at same locus on homologous chromosomes |
Allales |
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Allele that expresses or physically shows the trait |
Dominant allele |
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Allele that has the trait masked |
Recessive |
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Hormone that plays a role in lenght of pregnancy and timminng of birthing |
CRH |
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What hormone stimulates the thyroid to increase the women metabolic rate during pregnancy? |
HCT |
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Hormone that influence breast milk production |
OXYTOCIN |
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What hormone promotes blood vessels growth in the uterus during pregnancy? |
RELAXIN |
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What hormone induce lactation during pregnancy? |
HPL |
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Cells of the epiblasst migrate and form 3 primary germ layers |
Gastrulation |
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3 types of germ layers formed through the process of gastrulation |
Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm |
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Physiological conditioning that sperm must underg ok before they can accomplish fertilization |
Capacitation of sperm |
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When is Fetal period ? |
The Third month to birth |
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Which hormone Induce lactation, inhibit the effects of insulin, and affect how pregnant women metabolizes certain nutrients |
Human placenta lactogen (HPL) |
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Component of the blastocyst that will form the chorion |
Trophoblast |
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What thin membrane, continuous with the epiblast layer, secretes fluid to bathe the embryo? |
Amnion |
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At 16 cell stage , the conceptus is known as a____ |
Morula |
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Men or women produce more gametes that are similar en size? |
Men |
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What Process takes place in the seminiferous tubules. It includes two meiotic divisions, where mature spermatozoa are haploid |
Spermatogenesis |
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Which male reproductive structure is umparired(only 1 in the body)? |
Prostate gland |
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What months consist the second trimester |
4-6 |
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The trimester duri g which an e.bryo becomes a fetus |
First trimester |
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Secretory structures that produce milk in a lactating female |
Alveoli |
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A Female first menstrual cycle |
Menarche |
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What enclose the ovary at the time of ovulation |
Fimbriae |
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What phase is constant in lenght, although the lenght of menstrual cycle varies, menstruation always occurs 14 days after ovulation |
Secretory phase |
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A secondary oocyte is arrested in what phase of meiosis |
Metaphase 2 |
