Unit 6 Periodic Table And Bonding

Front 1

Alkali metal

Back 1

An element in Group 1 of the periodic table. These elements are extremely reactive.

Front 2

Alkaline earth metal

Back 2

An element in Group 2 of the periodic table. These elements are very reactive.

Front 3

Anion

Back 3

A negatively charged ion.

Front 4

Atomic radius

Back 4

The size of an atom. Sometimes called “covalent atomic radius”.

Front 5

Brittle

Back 5

The ability to be crushed into pieces when hammered, a property of nonmetals.

Front 6

Cation

Back 6

A positively charged ion.

Front 7

Diatomic molecule

Back 7

A nonmetal atom that forms one or more nonpolar covalent bonds with another atom of the same element to form a molecule consisting of the two atoms when there is no other element to bond with. Elements that do this are Br, I, N, H, Cl, H, O and F.

Front 8

Ductile

Back 8

The ability to be stretched into a wire, a property of metals.

Front 9

Dull

Back 9

The lack of ability to reflect light efficiently, a property of nonmetals.

Front 10

Group

Back 10

Columns down the periodic table that denote elements with the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties.

Front 11

Halogen

Back 11

An element in Group 17 of the periodic table. These elements are extremely reactive.

Front 12

Ionic bond

Back 12

A bond formed when a metal atom loses its valence electrons to a nonmetal atom, forming positive and negatively charged ions that attract to each other. losing electrons to each other and sharing them loosely as a result.

Front 13

Ionic Radius

Back 13

The size of an ion compared to the original atom. Metal atoms lose electrons and form + charged ions that are smaller than the original atom, nonmetal atoms form – charged ions that are larger than the original atom.

Front 14

Luster

Back 14

The ability to reflect light, a property of metals.

Front 15

Malleable

Back 15

The ability to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets, a property of metals.

Front 16

Metal

Back 16

Elements that have low electronegativity and ionization energy and large radius that tend to lose electrons to form chemical bonds.

Front 17

Metallic bond

Back 17

A bond formed between metal atoms of the same element resulting from the atoms

Front 18

Metalloid

Back 18

Elements that exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Front 19

Molecular orbital

Back 19

A hybrid orbital made up of the shared unpaired valence electrons of two nonmetallic atoms. This orbital belongs to both of the bonded atoms rather than to any specific atom.

Front 20

Monatomic molecule

Back 20

An atom of noble gas, which is considered to be a molecule because there are no unpaired valence electrons.

Front 21

Noble gas

Back 21

An element in Group 18 of the periodic table. These elements are nonreactive.

Front 22

Nonmetal

Back 22

Elements that have high electronegativity and ionization energy and small radius that tend to gain or share electrons to form chemical bonds.

Front 23

Nonpolar covalent bond

Back 23

A bond formed between two nonmetal atoms when unpaired electrons of two atoms are shared equally, with an electronegativity difference of 0 to 0.4.

Front 24

Nonreactive

Back 24

Not capable of readily undergoing a chemical change. .

Front 25

Oxidation

Back 25

The loss of valence electrons from an atom or ion, resulting in the increase in oxidation number of an element

Front 26

Period

Back 26

Rows across the periodic table that denote elements with the same number of principal energy levels.

Front 27

Polar Covalent bond

Back 27

A bond formed between two nonmetal atoms when unpaired electrons of two atoms are shared unequally, with an electronegativity difference of 0.5 to 1.7. .

Front 28

Reactive

Back 28

Capable of readily undergoing a chemical change.

Front 29

Reduction

Back 29

The gain of valence electrons from an atom or ion, resulting in the decrease in oxidation number of an element.

Front 30

Semiconductor

Back 30

An element that can act as either a conductor or insulator, depending on the situation. Used to manufacture microscopic on-off switches called transistors in computer chips.

Front 31

Stock system

Back 31

A method for naming ions of elements that can form more than one possible positive charge by using a Roman numeral after the ion name to denote the ion’s charge.

Front 32

Transition metal

Back 32

An element in Groups 3-12 of the periodic table. Many of these elements have colored ions