Unit 6 Flash Cards

Front 1

Mutation

Back 1

A change in the structure or amount of the genetic material of an organism

Front 2

Nondisjunction

Back 2

The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis 1 or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis 2

Front 3

Polyploidy

Back 3

An abnormal condition of having more than two sets of chromosomes (Down syndrome)

Front 4

Point Mutation

Back 4

A mutation in which only one nucleotide or nitrogenous base in a gene is changed

Front 5

Insertion

Back 5

The addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence

Front 6

Deletion

Back 6

Part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is missing

Front 7

Silent Mutation

Back 7

Has no effect on a gene's function

Front 8

Missense Mutation

Back 8

Codon is changed in such a way that it codes for a different amino acid

Front 9

Frameshift Mutation

Back 9

An insertion or deletion causes the starting point for "reading" a codon to shift

Front 10

Inversion

Back 10

Piece of chromosome reattaches to its original chromosome in reverse direction

Front 11

Translocation

Back 11

Chromosome piece ends up in a completely different position

Front 12

Operon

Back 12

Unit of adjacent genes that consists of functionally related structural genes and their associated regulatory genes

Front 13

Transcription Factor

Back 13

Enzyme that is needed to begin and/or continue genetic transcription

Front 14

Intron

Back 14

Nucleotide sequence that is part of a gene and that's transcribed from DNA into mRNA but not translated into amino acids

Front 15

Exon

Back 15

One of several nonadjacent nucleotide sequences-part of one gene that's transcribed, joined together, and then translated