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122 Cards in this Set
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Enteric gram-bacilli |
Produce diherreha Can be normal or pathogenic of gi tract. Facultative anaerobes--develope best anaerobic |
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Salmonella |
Genious Motile, possess flagella Resides in chickens |
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What are different species of salmonella |
S.enterritidis S.typhi |
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Define s.enterritidis |
Gastroenteritis |
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Define s.typhi |
Typhoid fever Lives in GB Comes from water and fecal contamination Lesions involve peyers patch Symptoms fever 3wks headache maliasia rose spots |
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Define peyers patch |
Lymphoid tissue in small intestine wall Inflamed then necrosis Ulceration |
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Define shigella |
Genious Nonmotile aerobic Causes dysentery Damage by invasion and exotoxin Tropics |
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Define E.coli |
Normal in bowel harmful when it invades bowel wall. Endotoxins produce shock Montezuma revenge |
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Define pseudomonas |
Motile resistant to treatment Uti Burn patients |
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Vibrio cholera |
Causes asiatic cholera Bacteria is comma shaped Diarrhea by toxins Dehydration in 24 hours Number 1 treatment electrolyte therapy and fluid replacement |
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Family of small gram- bacilli |
Haemophilius influenza- flu Bordatella pertussis whopping cough Yesinia pestis- plague Francisella tularensis rabbit fever Brucella- undulant fever |
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Define haemophilius influenza |
Flu in 1890s grows in blood Causes meningitis otitis media Vaccinate with hib Acute epiglottis |
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Define Bordatella pertussis |
Attaches to Cilla of bronchi Prevent with dbt vaccine |
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Define yesinia pestis |
Skin bites Buboes Lesions. Inflamed lymph nodes Die from septicemia in 24 hours |
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Define Francisella tularensis |
Bites or cuts allow bacteria to invade. Affect lymph nodes. Num 1 treatment long convalescence Affects farmers hunters and housewives |
6 months |
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Define Brucella |
Chronic systematic diseases with fever that comes and goes In sheep cows hogs and goats Most common animal diseases in human Epidemic in Midwest and western us |
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Gram + bacilla |
Anthrax Klebs loffler bacillus Clostridium |
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Define anthrax |
Square rod Reproduce by spores, aerobic Contract from hides or wool inhaling Skin lesion : pustule |
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Define Klebs:loffler bacillus |
Exotoxin affects surface of throat, causing necrosis. Death by suffocation nd nerve damage. Immunity.... natural or toxiod |
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Clostridium anaerobic |
Resist heat and antibiotics Vaccinate |
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Species of Clostridium |
C.perfringens-gas gangrene C.terani |
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Define c.perfringens |
Harbored in soil and gi Has spores encapsulated Causes fermentation of necrotic tissue Treatment surgical removal |
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Define c.tetani |
Anaerobic. powerful exotoxin Grows in necrotic tissue Toxin diffuse in body,acting on nerve muscle junction, causes rigidity. Incubate 7 to 10 days Treat with antioxin |
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Define treponema pallidum |
Causes syphilis Contract from coming in contact with highly infective lesion 3 week incubation |
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What are the 3 stages of syphilis |
Primary stage Secondary stage Tertiary stage |
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Define primary stage of syphilis |
chancre sore Regional lymph nodes swell Recover |
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What is the secondary stage of syphilis |
2-3 months from initial infection Rash on skin, white patches on mucous membrane Recover |
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What is Tertiary stage of syphilis |
Attacks CV and CNS |
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What tests did you diagnose tb with |
Vdrl, tpha |
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What is mycobacterium tuberculosis |
Spread by droplet Invades by 3 routes ---lymphatic blood stream tissues |
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What is Primary tb |
Clusters in periphery of lung Autophagy May infect hilar lymph nodes Necrose heal by fibrosis Called ghon complex Can lie dormant |
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Define chlamydia |
Intracellular parasite now thought to be bacteria |
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Define c.trachoma |
Number 1std Causes conjectivitis Can cause eye infection in new born if mom infected |
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Legionella pneumophilia. |
Legionnairs disease Gram-bacilli Lives in water resouvers outbreak resulted in 15%fatality rate 2 out 10 incubate Malaise headache muscle ach pain Chest film shows multilobier |
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What are viruses |
They are parasites because can't replicate without host 1901 yellow fever 1st person |
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What's the anatomy of a virus |
Nucleic acid core within well-structred protein coat. Take over a cells Nucleic acid for replication. Exit by bursting into bloodstream. |
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What is the immune response to a virus |
Provoke antibodies to circulate ----key to success of vaccination |
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what is a serotype |
It is a form of a virus. Reason why can't Vaccinate against common cold |
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What is an intereferon |
Form of immunity Produced by lymphocytes. Blocks viral replication |
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what doesn't work against viruses |
Antibiotics |
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What is the primary transmission of a virus |
GI or respiratory tract Skin contact |
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Function of a rna virus |
Replication Transmission Assembly in cytoplasm Virons are assembled by lysis |
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What are types of rna viruses |
measles Rubella Mumps Hep A Rhinovirus Yellow fever Rabies |
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What are measles |
Transmitted by droplet nose nd mouth. 10 day incubation Begins with conjectivitis and photosensitive Red rash cough fever |
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Define Rubella |
German measles Mild disease with red rash, fever, lymphadenopathy |
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If a woman is pregnant and contracts Rubella what happens?? |
If it occurs during 1st trimester Festus subject to heart defects, blindness, deafness Known as ratogenic-interefere with embryonic development |
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What are mumps |
Viral parotitis- affects the portoid salvery gland |
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Define Hep A |
most benign form Prod by fecal contamination of food and water 2 to 6 week incubation period. Pt. Carry for 2 weeks prior to illness and 1 week after. |
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What is Rhinovirus |
Most common viral infection in man. Cause of the common cold |
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What is yellow fever |
Vector spread Spreads in Tropics Grows in rbcs then destroy it |
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What are Rabies |
Spread through Salvia of animals Affects cns |
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What are DNA viruses |
Replicate in greater variety of cell location Oncogenic potential in animals |
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What is hbv |
Long incubation 1 to 6 months Acute or chronic stage Spread by feces, mostly blood |
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Who are more at risk for hbv |
I've drug users Blood recipients Dentists |
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Adenovirus |
Respiratory illness Tonsillitis |
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Papovirus |
Warts Venereal Warts |
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What is type 1 herpes virus |
Oral and skin Lesions |
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What is type 2 herpes virus |
Genital Lesions |
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What happens after initial infection of herpes virus |
Lies dormant and flares up |
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What is Varicella zoster |
Chicken pox Part of the herpes family |
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How is it transmitted |
Thru the respiratory tract |
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What is ebv |
Infectious mononucleosis |
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When was small pox eradicated |
1980 |
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What does hiv stand for |
Human immunodeficiency virus |
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How long must it be present before antibody test comes up positive |
3 to 17 weeks |
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How does hiv begin |
Malaise, fever, lymphadenopathy pain |
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Symptoms of full blown aids |
Weight loss Diarrhea Fatigue pneumonia Kaposi sarcoma |
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What happens to T lymphocytes in aids |
Decrease |
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What happens to lymphocytes growth in aids |
Decrease |
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What is the route of entry |
Blood stream |
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What group is high risk |
Iv drug users Homos Sexually active |
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What is rickettsia |
Small organisms , vector borne |
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How does rickettsia divide |
Divide by fission |
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How do you control rickettsia |
With antibiotics |
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Where do they exist |
Live in insect intestinal tract |
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What epidemics are they responsible for |
Rocky Mountain spotted fever Typhus Q fever Trench fever |
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What family is fungal infections part of |
Mycosis |
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What are fungal infections |
Small Unicellular organism |
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How do they invade |
In yeast bud phase Hyphae stem stage |
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What are cutaneous fungal infections |
Bothersome skin conditions |
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Define tineas |
Group of fungal infections caused by dermatophytes |
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What is a scalp ring worm |
Tinea capitis |
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What is jock itch |
Tinea cruris |
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What is athletes foot |
Tinea pedis |
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What systemic fungal infections do you get from bird droppings |
Histoplasmosis capsulatum |
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How do you get it and what does it cause |
Inhale and fungal pneumonia |
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What is a protoza |
Lowest form of animal life More complex then bacteria |
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What specific functions do they carry |
Locomotion Nutrition Excretion Respiration |
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How many are pathogenic to men |
30 |
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What is toxoplasmosis |
A type of protozoa |
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What does the congenital form cause of toxoplasmosis |
Liver and brain involvement Brain calcification Convulsions Mental retardation Birth defects |
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Where does it reside |
Soil small animals esp cats |
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toxoplasmosis causes what |
Rash Lymphadenopathy Fever Myocarditis Pneumonitis |
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How is it transmitted |
Cat feces Human ingestion of improperly cooked meat |
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What is malaria |
Protozoa plasmodium |
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How is malaria transmitted |
By anopheles mosquito Blood transfusion |
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What does the bite release |
Sporozoites into blood Aka invades liver |
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What are the symptoms |
Fever Chills Anemia Splenomegaly Tendency to reoccur |
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How does malaria spread in the body |
Penetrate erythrocyte grow and burst forth |
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How long does malaria last |
1 to 4 weeks |
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What is helminth |
Worms |
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What is trichinella spiralis |
Roundworm |
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How do you get it |
Cooked meat Esp bear and pork |
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Where do the larvae reside |
In muscle of meat Then mature in human stomach |
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Where do they encyst |
Diaphragms and chest muscle |
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What causes the condition of trichinosis |
Abdominal pain nausea Fever Diarrhea Tenderness Fatigue |
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Hire long does it take to encyst |
2 to 3 months Cause no further symptoms |
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How is a tapeworm aquired |
Thru poorly cooked meat or fish |
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What does it cause |
Intestinal disease |
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What happens if you cut a tapeworm in half |
It regrows sagmental reproducer |
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What is neisseriae |
Gram-cocci Bean shaped diplococci |
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Where is it found |
In neutrophil pus |
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Where did it grow |
Grows in enriched media |
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What are 2 different species of neisseriae |
N.meningitides N.gonorrhoeae |
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Where is N.meningitides found in |
Normally found in nasopharynx |
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What is the common age of meningitis in kids |
3 to 5 years |
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How do you check for N.meningitides |
Check csf |
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What do you treat it with |
Penicillin |
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What is N.gonorrhoeae |
Complete parasite Can pass to infant in delivery |
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Where does N.gonorrhoeae survive |
In mucus membrane Can't exist out of body |
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What is pili |
Hair like fibers that help attach to membrane and burrow in it |
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What is the percentage of sterility in male and female |
20 in men 30 to 50 in women |
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