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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is a Solute? Solvent? |
Solute: The component of a solution that the smaller amount. Solvent: The component of a solution that the larger amount. |
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Aqueous Solution |
Contain water as a solvent. |
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Concentrated vs. Dilute Solutions |
Concentrated solutions have a relatively large amount of a solute per unit of solution. Dilute solutions have a relatively small amount of a solute per unit of solution. |
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Miscible and Immiscible are terms used only in describing solutions of liquids in liquids. Differentiate them |
Miscible: when 2 liquids form a single continuous layer of liquid (mix together). Immiscible: Liquids that are not soluble. when 2 liquids form 2 distinct layers (like water and oil). |
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Saturated vs. Unsaturated solutions |
Saturated Solution: Contains max amount of solute in a specified volume of solvent at a given temp. Unsaturated Solution: Any amount of solute below concentration in a saturated solution. |
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H-Bonding |
Three main elements that will be reviewed in hydrogen bonding N-H O-H F-H |
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Solution Concentration Formula |
g of solvent %m/v =______________________ × 100 mL of solution(solute+solvent) can also determine in the following: PPt × 1000 PPM × 10^6 PPb × 10^9 |
Amount of solvent ------------------------------------------ in % Volume of solution(solvent+solute) |
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Calc the % m/v of a solution containing 8.92 g of KCl in 455 mL of a solution. |
% m/v = (8.92g / 455mL)×100 = 1.96% g/mL |
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Molarity= number of mols/Liter of solution M = n/L OR n/ML |
Calc Molarity of NaOH in a solution containing 1.25 mol NaOH in 3.12 L of solution. |
N M L |
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Dilution formula C V = C V 1 1 1 2 C = %m/v -or- M/L (Molarity/Liter) V = Liters |
If 1.25 M of HCl are in 850mL of HCl, calc. the volume of solution of HCl needed for a concentration of 3M. |
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Osmosis Osmolarity = OS M = M × i (i = M particles) |
Calc the Osmolarity of 0.5 M of Li3PO4 OS M = 0.5 M × 4 i OS M = 2 |
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ARRHENIOUS THEORY identifies an Acid as a proton donor to a solution. Base as ? |
Acid ----> Produces H+ in Solution Base ----> Produces OH- in Solution |
An acid is anything that produces H+ (P+ or proton) in a solution. A base is anything that produces OH- in a solution. |
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Bronsted / Lowry Theory identifies: Acid ----> Produces H+ in Solution (H+ donor) Base ---> H+ acceptor |
You can't have an avid without a base. Can't have a proton (H+) donor without a proton acceptor. |
H3O+ = Acid OH- = Base |
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Most Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reactions are reversible reaction in equilibrium. Therefore, the products of an acid-base reaction are themselves acids and bases. |
Conjugate Acid Base Pairs |
NH3 + H2O -----> NH4^+ + OH^- Base + Acid ---> Acid + Base |
