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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
kaiser |
A German emperor |
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heliocentric theory |
the idea that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun |
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mulatto |
Persons of mixed European and African ancestry |
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guerrilla |
A member of a loosely organized fighting force that makes surprise attacks on enemy troops occupying his or her country |
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coup d'état |
Sudden overthrow of government leaders by a small group |
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absolute monarch |
A king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society |
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divine right |
The idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God. |
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czar |
a Russian emperor (from the Roman title Caesar) |
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constitutional monarchy |
A system of governing in which the ruler's power is limited by law |
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Scientific Revolution |
A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs |
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scientific method |
A logical procedure for gathering information about the natural world, in which experimentation and observation are used to test hypotheses. |
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Enlightenment |
An 18th-century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society |
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social contract |
The agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or government |
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Congress of Vienna |
a series of meetings in 1814-1815, during which the European leaders sought to establish log lasting peace andsecurity after the defeat of Napoleon. |
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nationalism |
the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation-that is. to the people with whom they share a culture and history, rather than to a king or empire. |
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federal system |
A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and a number of individual states |
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estate |
One of three distinct social classes in France during the 1700s; clergy, nobility, and commoners (the third estate) |
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Estates-General |
An assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France |
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National Assembly |
A French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate on June 17, 1789, to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people |
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Nation-state |
A group of people, having a common culture and identity, that have their own government. |
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Napoleonic Code |
A comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon |
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blockade |
The use of troops or ships to prevent commercial traffic from entering or leaving a city or region |
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balance of power |
A political situation in which on one nation is powerful enough to pose a threat to others |
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peninsulares |
In Spanish colonial society, colonists who were born in Spain |
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creole (criollo) |
In Spanish colonial society, a colonist who was born in Latin America to Spanish parents |