Unit 5

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Prokaryotes

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An organism of the kingdom Monera (or Prokaryotae), comprising the bacteria and cyanobacteria, characterized by the absence of a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and by DNA that is not organized into chromosomes. Also called moneran.

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bacteria

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ubiquitous one-celled organisms, spherical, spiral, or rod-shaped and appearing singly or in chains, comprising the Schizomycota, a phylum of the kingdom Monera (in some classification systems the plant class Schizomycetes), various species of which are involved in fermentation, putrefaction, infectious diseases, or nitrogen fixation.

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spirochetes

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Any of various slender, spiral, motile bacteria of the order Spirochaetales, many of which are pathogenic, causing syphilis, relapsing fever, yaws, and other diseases.

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cyanobacteria

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blue-green algae

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extremophiles

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An organism adapted to living in conditions of extreme temperature, pressure, or chemical concentration, as in highly acidic or salty environments.

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thermophiles

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a thermophilic organism

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halophiles

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An organism that requires a salty environment.

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methanogens

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Any of various archaea that are capable of producing methane from the decomposition of organic material

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algae

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any of numerous groups of chlorophyll-containing, mainly aquatic eukaryotic organisms ranging from microscopic single-celled forms to multicellular forms 100 ft. (30 m) or more long, distinguished from plants by the absence of true roots, stems, and leaves and by a lack of nonreproductive cells in the reproductive structures: classified into the six phyla Euglenophyta, Crysophyta, Pyrrophyta, Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta.

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dinoflagellates

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Any of numerous minute, chiefly marine protozoans of the order Dinoflagellata, characteristically having two flagella and a cellulose covering and forming one of the chief constituents of plankton. They include bioluminescent forms and forms that produce red tide.

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amoebozoans

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infection by a disease-causing ameba

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ciliates

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Any of various protozoans of the class Ciliata, characterized by numerous cilia

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diatoms

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Any of various microscopic one-celled or colonial algae of the class Bacillariophyceae, having cell walls of silica consisting of two interlocking symmetrical valves.

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heterotrophs

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An organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition.

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photosynthetic

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the synthesis of complex organic materials, esp. carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic salts, using sunlight as the source of energy and with the aid of chlorophyll and associated pigments.

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eukaryotes

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A single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane-bound nucleus.

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Bryophytes

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seedless non-vascular, dominant gametophyte

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ferns

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seedless vascular, dominant sporophyte, free-living gametophyte

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gymnosperm (conifers

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pollen, naked seeds, vascular, reduced dependent gametophyte

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angiosperm: (flowering

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): pollen, flowers, fruit, seeds, reduced dependent gametophyte, monocot vs. dicot

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porifera

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an animal phylum comprising the sponges

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sponges

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Any of numerous aquatic, chiefly marine invertebrate animals of the phylum Porifera, characteristically having a porous skeleton composed of fibrous material or siliceous or calcareous spicules and often forming irregularly shaped colonies attached to an underwater surface.
The light, fibrous, flexible, absorbent skeleton of certain of these organisms, used for bathing, cleaning, and other purposes.
Porous plastics, rubber, cellulose, or other material, similar in absorbency to this skeleton and used for the same purposes.
Metal in a porous, brittle form, as after the removal of other metals in processing, used as a raw material in manufacturing.
Informal A glutton.
Slang A drunkard.

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radials

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Of, relating to, or arranged like rays or radii.
Radiating from or converging to a common center.
Having or characterized by parts so arranged or so radiating.
Moving or directed along a radius.
Anatomy Of, relating to, or near the radius or forearm.
Developing symmetrically about a central point.

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cnidaria (jellyfish, hydra, corals):

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an alternative name for the invertebrate phylum Coelenterata, giving emphasis to the stinging structures as characteristic of the phylum.