Unit 5

Front 1

Gabriel Prosser

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black slave in Virginia
plotted mass uprisings in 1800s
took revenge on white captures

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Nat Turner

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a slave in the Southampton County, Virginia
staged a bloddy revolt

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Great American Desert

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The name given to the drought-stricken Great Plains by Euro-Americans in the early nineteenth century. Believing the region was unfit for cultivation or agriculture, Congress designated the Great Plains as permanent Indian country in 1834

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Texas independence

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gained independence from Mexico in

Front 5

“Oregon fever”

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A migration trend, where American interest in Oregon increased dramatically.
By May 1843, 1,000 men, women, and children-in more than one hundred wagons and with five thousand oxen and cattle-had gathered in Independence, Missouri, for the six-month trek to Oregon.
The migrants were mostly yeomen farming families form the southern border states (Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennessee)

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Mexican American War

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Front 7

Wilmot Proviso

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August 1839, David Wilmot, a Democratic congress man from Pennsylvania, took up that refrain to limit the spread of slavery.
Wilmot proposed to prohibit slavery in any territories acquired from Mexico. His proposal rallied antislavery northerners

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conscience Whigs

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Front 9

free soil

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A political movement of the 1840s that opposed the expansion of slavery.
Motivating its members-mostly white yeoman farmers-was their belief that slavery benefited “aristocratic men.”
They wanted farm families to settle the western territories and install democratic republican values and institutions there.
The short lived Free-Soil party (1848-1854) stood for “free soil, free labor, free men,” which subsequently became the program of the Republican Party

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Frederick Douglass

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Front 11

California Gold Rush

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(1849-1857)
Traveling from all parts of the world-Europe, China, and Australia, as well as the eastern United States-hundreds of thousands of bonanza seekers converged on the California goldfields.
Miners traveling by sea landed at San Francisco, which quickly mushroomed into a substantial city; many other prospectors trekked overland to the goldfields on the Old California Trail.
Discovered by a workmen building a mill for John A. Sutter in the Sierra Nevada foothills in northern California, discovered flakes of gold

Front 12

Compromise of 1850

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Front 13

Fugitive Slave Act

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The most controversial element of the Compromise.
Under its terms, federal magistrates in the northern states determined the status of blacks who were alleged to be runaway slaves.
The law denied a jury trial to accused blacks and even their right to testify.
Under its provisions southern owners reenslaved about two hundred fugitives (as well as some free northern blacks.)

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personal-liberty laws

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Front 15

Kansas-Nebraska Act

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This provision would give southern planters the opportunity to settle Kansas and, through popular sovereignty, eventually make it a slave state.
The act had disastrous consequences for the American political system.
It completed the destruction of the Whig Party and nearly wrecked the Democratic Party

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“bleeding Kansas”

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Front 17

Lecompton constitution

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Second of four proposed constitutions for the state of Kansas (it was preceded by the Topeka Constitution and was followed by the Leavenworth and Wyandotte Constitutions, the Wyandotte becoming the Kansas state constitution)
The document was written in response to the anti-slavery position of the 1855 Topeka Constitution of James H. Lane and other free-state advocates.
The territorial legislature, consisting mostly of slave-owners, met at the designated capital of Lecompton in September 1857 to produce a rival document

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Republican Party

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Front 19

American Party

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(Know-Nothing party)
Its origins in the anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic organizations of the 1840s. In 1850, these secret nativist societies banded together as the Order of the Star Spangled Banner; and the following year entered politics forming the American Party.
The secrecy-conscious members often replied with “I know nothing” to outsiders questions. Party wanted to unite all native born Protestants against the “alien menace” of Irish and German Catholics, prohibit further immigration, and institute literacy tests for voting

Front 20

Dred Scott v. Sandford

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Front 21

James Buchanan

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From Pennsylvania, nominated by the Democrats to reaffirm their support for popular sovereignty and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Tall, dignified man, experienced but unimaginative politician who was known for his support of the South.
Drawing on that support and his party’s organizational strength in the North, Buchanan won the three way race with 1.8 million votes (45%) and 174 electoral votes

Front 22

Abraham Lincoln

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Front 23

Stephen Douglas

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(April 23, 1813 – June 3, 1861)
an American politician from Illinois and he was the designer of the Kansas–Nebraska Act. He was a U.S. Representative, a U.S. Senator, and the Democratic Party nominee for President in the 1860 election, losing to Republican Abraham Lincoln.
Douglas had previously defeated Lincoln in a Senate contest, noted for the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858.
He was nicknamed the "Little Giant" because he was short in physical stature, but a forceful and dominant figure in politics

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Lincoln-Douglas debates

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Front 25

Freeport Doctrine

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Suggested that a territory’s residents could exclude slavery simply by not adopting a law to protect it.
The doctrine did not please proslavery, advocates nor abolitionist, the Democrats won a narrow victory over the Republicans in Illinois, and the state legislature reelected Douglas to the U.S. senate

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territorial slave code

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Front 27

John Brown

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(May 9, 1800 – December 2, 1859)
a white American abolitionist who believed armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States.
During the 1856 conflict in Kansas, Brown commanded forces at the Battle of Black Jack and the Battle of Osawatomie.
Brown's followers also killed five pro-slavery supporters at Pottawatomie.
In 1859, Brown led an unsuccessful raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry that ended with his capture.
Brown's trial resulted in his conviction and a sentence of death by hanging

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raid on Harper’s Ferry

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Front 29

Constitutional Union Party

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("Bell-Everett Party" in California)
a political party in the United States created in 1860.
It was made up of conservative former Whigs who wanted to avoid secessionism over the slavery issue.
These former Whigs (some of whom had been under the banner of the Opposition Party in 1854–58) teamed up with former Know-Nothings and a few Southern Democrats who were against secessionism to form the Constitutional Union Party.
Its name comes from its extremely simple platform, a simple resolution "to recognize no political principle other than the Constitution of the country, the Union of the states, and the Enforcement of the Laws".
They hoped that by failing to take a firm stand either for or against slavery or its expansion, the issue could be pushed aside

Front 30

election of 1860

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Front 31

Gen. George B. McClellan

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(December 3, 1826 – October 29, 1885)
a major general during the American Civil War and the Democratic presidential nominee in 1864, who later served as Governor of New Jersey.
He organized the famous Army of the Potomac and served briefly (November 1861 to March 1862) as the general-in-chief of the Union Army.
Early in the war, McClellan played an important role in raising a well-trained and organized army for the Union

Front 32

Crittenden compromise

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Front 33

first tier of secession

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Front 34

Fort Sumter

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Front 35

second tier of secession

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Front 36

habeas corpus

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Front 37

draft riots

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The Enrollment Act of 1863 enraged many workers in NYC, especially recent Irish and German immigrants who did not want to go to war.
In July took anger out on free blacks in weeklong series of riots.
They burned down the Colored Orphan Asylum on 5th avenue, home to 200 African American children.
All Children escaped safely, but fire spread to adjoining structures forcing residents to flee with whatever they could carry

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“King Cotton”

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Front 39

Emancipation Proclamation

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Declared that slavery would be legally abolished in all states that remained out of the Union on Jan. 1, 1863.
The rebel states had a 100 days in which to preserve slavery by renouncing secession. None chose to do so

Front 40

Vicksburg and Gettysburg

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Front 41

Ulysses S. Grant

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the 18th president of the United States (1869–1877) following his success as a commander in the American Civil War.
Under Grant, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military; the war, and secession, ended with the surrender of Robert E. Lee's army at Appomattox.
As president, he led the Radical Republicans in their effort to eliminate vestiges of Confederate nationalism and slavery, protect African American citizenship, and defeat the Ku Klux Klan.
Grant was the first president to reform the civil service, creating a Civil Service Commission in 1871

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election of 1864

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Front 43

National Union Party

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the name used by the Republican Party for the national ticket in the 1864 presidential election, held during the Civil War.
The temporary name was used to attract War Democrats and Border State Unionists who would not vote for the Republican Party.
The party nominated incumbent President Abraham Lincoln and former Democrat Andrew Johnson, who were elected in a landslide

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“march to the sea”

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Front 45

Appomattox Court House

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On April 9th almost 4 years to the day after the attack on Fort Sumter, Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House