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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The central nervous system (CNS) includes the____________. a. cranial nerves b. spinal nerves c. spinal cord d. two of the above e. all of the above |
c. spinal cord |
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The _____________ is the portion of the brain most closely associated with memory and language. a. thalamus b. brain stem c. cerebrum d. cerebellum |
c. cerebrum |
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The _____________ is the portion of a neuron most directly responsible for integrating information andtriggering action potentials. a. cell body b. axon hillock c. dendrite d. axon terminal |
b. axon hillock |
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_____________ play important roles in maintaining the blood-brain barrier. a. nodes of Ranvier b. oligodendrocytes c. microglia d. astrocytes |
d. astrocytes |
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_____________ is the lipoprotein insulating material present in multiple layers of plasma membranewrapped around some axons. a. Ranvier b. myelin c. microglian d. axonin |
b. myelin |
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Controls basic body functions such as breathing and heart rate best describes the ________. a. olfactory lobe b. cerebellum c. brainstem d. cerebrum |
c. brainstem |
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_____________ wrap around neurons in the peripheral nervous system, covering them with layers ofplasma membrane. a. Schwann cells b. oligodendrocytes c. microglia d. astrocytes |
a. Schwann cells |
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A neuron maintains a resting potential primarily because _______ ions leak out of the cell, causing theinside of the cell membrane to become _________ charged with respect to the outside. a. potassium/negatively b. potassium/positively . sodium/negatively d. sodium/positively |
a. potassium/negatively |
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In a neuron maintaining a resting potential, K+ is encouraged to move out the neuron by a favorable____________ gradient. a. concentration b. electrical c. concentration and electrical |
a. concentration |
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Rapid depolarization of a neuron generally involves a flow of _________ ions ______ a neuron.a. potassium/into b. potassium/out of c. sodium/into d. sodium/out of |
c. sodium/into |
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Hyperpolarization of a neuron causes the membrane potential to become ________ negative and islargely responsible for the __________ refractory period. a. less/absolute b. less/relative c. more/absolute d. more/relative |
b. less/relative |
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An action potential is self-regenerating because positive charges entering an axon cause additional__________ channels to open. a. K+ leak b. acetylcholine-gated c. voltage-gated Na+ d. voltage-gate K+ |
c. voltage-gated Na+ |
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A neuron subjected to a strong stimulus responds by increasing the ____________ of its actionpotentials. a. frequency b. size c. speed d. two of the above |
a. frequency |
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The primary neurotransmitter at neuromuscular (skeletal muscle) junctions is ______________. a. glutamate b. acetylcholine c. norepinephrine d. GABA |
b. acetylcholine |
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When an action potential reaches a neuron terminal, it causes uptake of _______ ions, which are mostdirectly responsible for exocytosis of neurotransmitter. a. potassium b. sodium c. calcium d. chloride |
c. calcium |
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At a neuromuscular junction involving skeletal muscle, the acetylcholine receptor is a __________channel. a. voltage-gated Na+ b. anion c. cation d. two of the above |
c. cation |
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Myelinated neurons are associated with: a. saltatory conduction b. increased leakage of ions c. nodes of Ranvier d. two of the above |
d. two of the above a,c |
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Skeletal-muscle membranes conduct action potentials. a. true b. false |
a. true |
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The __________ of a neuron is/are generally responsible for receiving most information from otherneurons. |
dendrites |
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The _________________ are the macrophages of the central nervous system. |
microglia |
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In the central nervous system, _________________ wrap axons with layers of plasma membrane. |
oligo dendrocytes |
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The resting potential of a neuron primarily is established by movement of _______________ ions out ofthe cell. |
potassium |
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_________________ of a neuron is when the inside of the membrane becomes less negative relative tothe outside. |
depolarization |
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A self-regenerating action potential generally depends on opening of ___________________ channels. |
voltage-gated Na+ |
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Repolarization of a neuron following an action potential requires opening of ______________________channels |
voltage-gate K+ |
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Closure of the Na+ channel inactivation gate is responsible for the _____________ refractory period. |
absolute |
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________________ conduction is when depolarization “jumps” from one node of Ranvier to another. |
Saltatory |
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_________________ is the most common neurotransmitter released by neurons controlling skeletalmuscle contraction |
Acetylcholine |
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Neurons release neurotransmitters stored in vesicles by a process known as ______________. |
exocytosis |
