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59 Cards in this Set
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Annexation |
The legal incorporation of some territory into another geo-political entity (either adjacent or non-contiguous) |
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Antarctica |
Area governed by a system known as the Antarctic Treaty System which is administered through annual meetings |
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Apartheid |
Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas |
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Balkanization |
A small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it is inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other |
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Border landscape |
The complex representation of the environment around state boundaries |
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Border disputes |
When two or more states disagree about the demarcation of a political boundary |
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Boundary origin |
also known as Genetic Political Boundaries because it has to do with the evolution of boundaries |
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Buffer state |
An independent but small and weak country that is lying between two powerful countries |
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Capital |
Associated with its government, it physically encompasses the offices and meeting places of the seat of government and fixed by law |
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Centrifugal |
Forces that tend to divide a country-such as internal religious, linguistic, ethnic or ideological differences |
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Centripetal |
Forces that tend to unify a country-such as widespread commitment to a national culture, shared ideological objectives and a common faith |
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City-State |
A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland |
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Colonialism |
An attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political economic and cultural principles in another territory |
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Confederation |
A uniting or being united in a league or alliance |
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Core-Periphery |
Spatial structure of an economic system in which underdeveloped or declining peripheral areas are defined with respect to their dependence on a dominating developed core region. |
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Decolonization |
The action of changing from colonial to independent status. |
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Deterritorialization |
Movement of economic, social and cultural processes out of the hands of states. |
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Devolution |
The transfer of certain powers from the state central government to separate political subdivisions within the state's territory |
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Domino Theory |
The political theory that if one nation comes under communist control then neighboring nations will also come under communist control. |
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Exclusive Economic Zone |
As established in the United Nations Convention on the law of the Sea, a zone of exploration extending 200 nautical miles seaward from a coastal state that has exclusive mineral and fishing rights over it |
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Electoral regions |
The different voting districts that make up local, state and national regions |
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Enclave |
A small bit of foreign territory within a state but not under its jurisdiction |
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Exclave |
A portion of a state that is separated from the main territory and surrounded by another country |
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Federal |
A political territorial system where in a central government represents the various entities within a nation-state where they have common interests; defense, foreign affairs, and yet allows these various entities to retain their own identities and laws |
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Forward Capital |
Is the area of a country, province, region or state regarded as enjoying primary status, although there are exceptions |
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Frontier |
A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control |
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Geometric boundaries |
Political boundary defined and delimited as a straight line or an arc. |
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Geopolitics |
The influence of the habitat on political entities |
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Gerrymander |
The drawing of electoral district boundaries in an awkward pattern to enhance the voting impact of one constituency at the expense of another |
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Global Commons |
Is that which no one person or state may own or control and which is central to life |
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Heartland |
The interior of a sizable landmass, removed from maritime connections in particular the interior of the Eurasian continent |
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International Organization |
An international alliance involving many different countries |
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Iron Curtain |
Ideological and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of WWII in 1945 until the end of the Cold War |
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Irredentism |
The policy of a state wishing to incorporate within its territory inhabited by people who have ethnic or linguistic links with the country but lies within a neighboring state |
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Landlocked |
A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea |
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Law of the Sea |
Agreement signed by 158 nations that has standardized the territorial limits for most countries at 12 nautical miles |
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Manifest Destiny |
Was the 19th century American belief that the United States was destined to expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean |
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Median-line Principle |
An approach to dividing and creating boundaries at the midpoint between two places |
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Microstate/Ministate |
A state that encompasses a very small land area |
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Nation |
A culturally distinctive group of people occupying a specific territory and bound together by a sense of unity arising from shared ethnicity, belief and customs |
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National iconography |
Branch of knowledge dealing with representations of people or objects in art and design, hence the symbolism in a design |
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Nation-state |
Member of the modern state system possessing formal sovereignty and with people possessing bonds of shared cultural attributes |
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Physical-political boundaries |
Political boundary defined and delimited by a prominent physical feature in the natural landscape. |
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Reapportionment |
Process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people |
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Regionalism |
Political geographical group, frequently an ethnic group identification with a particular region of a state rather than with the state as a whole |
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Reunification |
The act of coming together again |
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Satellite State |
A small weak country dominated by one powerful neighbor to the extent that some or much of its independence is lost |
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State |
A centralized authority that enforces a single political, economical and legal system within its territorial boundaries |
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Stateless ethnic groups |
Ethnic groups that share certain cultural, political and/or historic qualities, such as religion, location or art, but do not share enough qualities to be recognized as a nationality or nation |
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Stateless nation |
A group that does not have a state. |
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Suffrage |
The civil right to vote |
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Supranationalism |
A method of decision-making in multi-national political communities, wherein power is transferred or delegated to an authority by governments of member states |
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Territorial Disputes |
A disagreement over the possession or control of land between two or more states |
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Territorial Morphology |
An impact on the ability of ruling governments to impose law and policy on state territory |
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Territoriality |
A behavior pattern in animals consisting of the occupation and defense of a territory |
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Theocracy |
A form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the state's supreme civil ruler |
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Treaty Ports |
Name given to the port cities that were opened to foreign trade by the Unequal Treaties. |
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Unitary |
A sovereign state governed as one single unit in which the central government is supreme and any administrative divisions exercise only powers that the central government chooses to delegate |
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Rimland |
The maritime fringe of a country or continent in particular the western, southern and eastern edges of the Eurasian continents |
