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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Classical Psychoanalysis Theoretical Foundations |
- Unconscious/pre-conscious - Basic instincts - Personality structures - Moral & neurotic anxiety - Defense mechanisms - Early psychosexual development |
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Contemporary Psychoanalysis Theoretical Foundations |
- Retained but modified early concepts - Focus on psychosocial factors - Redefined role of ego - Focused on early attachments (Object-Relations) - Abandon electra complex - De-emphasized role of sexual instinct |
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Client-Centered Therapy Theoretical Foundations - Rogers |
- Positive view of human nature (humanist) - Emphasis on client's subjective experience - Trust in client's ability to make positive, conscious choices to change - Reject psychic determinism - Emphasis on congruence, unconditional positive regard and self-actualization - Belief in healing power of "I-Thou" relationship |
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Gestalt Therapy Theoretical Foundations - Perls |
- "Here and now", expanded present - Humans have the capacity to self-regulate - Focus on holism, integration and full awareness - Everything is relational, in flux and in progress - Destabilized individuals can take actions that will restore equilibrium and allow growth and change - Focusing on the past interferes with the present |
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Behavior Therapy Theoretical Foundations |
- Man is essentially reactive, not proactive - Principles of classical & operant conditioning - Principles of Social Learning Theory - Abnormal behavior is learned and can be unlearned - Man is producer and product of his/her environment |
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REBT Theoretical Foundations - Ellis |
- Man has the potential to be proactive and self-actualize - Man is innately rational but has the propensity to be irrational and self-defeating - Humans are self-talking, self-evaluating and self-sustaining - Abnormal behavior arises from "crooked" thinking |
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Classical Psychoanalysis Goals |
- Make unconscious conscious - Reality testing of ego - Restructure personality - Insight - Restore to love, work and play |
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Contemporary Psychoanalysis Goals |
- Modify personality structure - Increase awareness of behavior - Empower ego - Develop mature communication - Improve relationships - Reduce defensive behavior - Restore to functioning |
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Client-Centered Therapy Goals |
- Client independence and congruence - Insight and openness to experience - Client genuineness and caring - Trust in self and others - Internal source of evaluation - Meaningful self-exploration and self-actualization |
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Gestalt Therapy Goals |
- Attain awareness/greater freedom - Re-own self and become unified and whole - Accept responsibility for decisions and behavior - Move from dependent to independent - Be open and ask for/give help - Develop ability to satisfy personal needs w/o violating the rights of others - Think, feel and act like "real self" rather than "fake" self |
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Behavior Therapy Goals |
- Removal of dysfunctional symptoms - Individualized, set by client in consultation with therapist, specific & concrete - Improve social skills - Foster self-control - Increase personal choice and effective living |
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REBT Goals |
- Minimizing self-defeating behaviors and emotional disturbances - Reduce tendency to self-blame - Examine and change assumptions and values that keep them "disturbed" - Acquire a more realistic and workable philosophy of life |
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Classical Psychoanalysis Therapist Functions |
- Blank screen approach - Reduce resistance/foster transference - Establish working relationship - Interpret feelings/fantasies |
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Contemporary Psychoanalysis Therapist Role |
- Participant-observer approach - Project personal genuineness - Build relationship - Focus on non-verbal cues - Supportive and reassuring |
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Client-Centered Therapy Therapist Role |
- Non-directive approach - Project UPR - Abandon testing and diagnosis - Non-judgmental helper - Foster therapeutic climate - Facilitate, don't direct |
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Gestalt Therapy Therapist Role |
- Actively engage and confront clients - Become active partner in helping client learn about themselves and change - Act as guide/catalyst - Encourage client to raise awareness and take risks - Focus on clients non-verbal behavior and language patterns and point out client's incongruities and inconsistencies |
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Behavior Therapy Therapist Role |
- Gather info about problem - Clarify problem - Design target behavior - Formulate goals - Implement change plan - Evaluate success of change plan - Conduct follow-up assessments |
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REBT Therapy Role |
- Demonstrate that they have incorporated many "shoulds" "oughts" and "musts" - Teach clients how to separate rational beliefs from irrational beliefs - Help clients to modify their thinking and abandon their irrational ideas and replace them with rational ones - Scientific approach to thinking - "Behavioral" homework assignments |
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Classical Psychoanalysis Nature of Process |
- Long (3-5 years) - 2-3 times per week - Intense and demanding |
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Contemporary Psychoanalysis Nature of Process |
- Long (3-5 years) - Once a week - Intense and demanding but reinforcing |
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Client-Centered Therapy Nature of Process |
- Moderate Length (1-2 years) - Once a week - Anxiety reducing - Caring climate |
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Gestalt Therapy Nature of Process |
- Brief/moderate in length - Once a week - Anxiety inducing at first - Challenging climate |
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Behavior Therapy Nature of Process |
- Brief in length (6-12 sessions) - Once a week - Structured and systematic - Early relief of symptoms - Therapist/client relationship is secondary |
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REBT Nature of Process |
- Didactic and persuasive - Relatively brief (12-16 weeks) - Focus on "here and now" - Therapeutic work outside of sessions - Challenging and informative |
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Classical Psychoanalysis Strategies/Techniques |
- Free association - Dream analysis - Analysis of resistance/transference |
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Contemporary Psychoanalysis Strategies/Techniques |
- Use client-therapist relationship to foster client - Diagnostic interview - Probe and suggest - Offer behavioral guidelines after termination |
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Client-Centered Therapy Strategies/Techniques |
- Use client-therapist relationship to foster client change - Nodding ("uh-huh") - Summarizing and clarifying - Reflecting feelings - Gently probing - Use of silence |
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Gestalt Therapy Strategies/Techniques |
- Confrontation - Learning exercises (Internal dialogue, making the rounds, reversal technique, write a letter, empty chair) |
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Systematic Desensitization |
Behavior Therapy - based on principle of reciprocal inhibition or extinction - social/specific phobias Process: - collection of historical data - explanation of problem etiology - explanation of therapeutic process - relaxation training - development of anxiety hierarchy - desensitization procedure |
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Exposure Therapy |
Behavior Therapy - graduated exposure to anxiety producing stimuli - Flooding/implosion therapy - Useful for panic, OCD and phobias - Can also focus on interoceptive stimuli (internal cues) Client Learns: 1. anxiety/panic can be controlled 2. no basis for fear 3. break link b/w cues and fear response |
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Behavior Rehearsal (Assertiveness Training) |
Behavior Therapy 1. motivation 2. hierarchy 3. role play 4. try out |
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Contingency Management (Operant Conditioning) |
Behavior Therapy - Shaping/fading - Time out - Behavioral contract (suicides) - Premack principle - Token economies (rewards for good behavior) |
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Aversion Therapy (Extinction) |
Behavior Therapy - Systematic introduction of aversive stimulus inhibits unwanted response (emetics, stale smoke, etc.) - Covert sensitization-aversion process "in imagino" - Response cost - positive reward is removed - Overcorrection - correcting unwanted response |
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ABC Theory of Personality |
REBT Therapy A: Activating event B: Belief C: Emotional and behavioral consequences D: Disputing intervention E: Effect F: New feeling |
