Unit 4 - Operant Behavior & The Effect Of Consequences

Front 1

The Law of Effect

Back 1

Organisms learn through theconsequences of their actions.

Front 2

Edward Lee Thorndike

Back 2

The Law of Effect

Front 3

Burrhus Frederick Skinner

Back 3

The Experimental Analysis of Behavior

The Operant Chamber (“Skinner Box”)

Principles of Operant Conditioning

Radical Behaviorism

Analysis of Verbal Behavior

The Cumulative Recorder

Programmed Instruction

Front 4

Operant Behavior

Back 4

Behavior that has an effect on theenvironment and is primarily underthe control of its consequences.

Front 5

Operant selection

Back 5

This process of behavioralvariability, selection byconsequences, and behavioralreproduction occurs throughoutthe organism’s lifetime.

Front 6

Simplest type of operantcontingency

Back 6

R-S (Response-Stimulus)

Front 7

Reinforcement

Back 7

An environmental change thatfollows a response and increasesor maintains the future frequencyof that behavior.

Front 8

Punishment

Back 8

Occurs when stimulus changeimmediately follows a responseand decreases the futurefrequency of that type of behaviorin similar conditions.

Front 9

Positive reinforcement

Back 9

An environmental change in whicha stimulus is added (presented) ormagnified following a response,that increases or maintains thefuture frequency of that response.

Front 10

Negative reinforcement

Back 10

An environmental change in whicha stimulus is subtracted(withdrawn or removed) orattenuated following a response,and which increases or maintainsthe future frequency of thatbehavior.

Front 11

SR+

Back 11

Unconditioned PositiveReinforcement

Front 12

Sr+

Back 12

Conditioned PositiveReinforcement

Front 13

SR-

Back 13

Unconditioned NegativeReinforcement

Front 14

Sr-

Back 14

Conditioned NegativeReinforcement

Front 15

SP+

Back 15

Unconditioned PositivePunishment

Front 16

Sp+

Back 16

Conditioned Positive Punishment

Front 17

SP-

Back 17

Unconditioned NegativePunishment

Front 18

Sp-

Back 18

Conditioned Negative Punishment

Front 19

Extinction

Back 19

The discontinuing of areinforcement of a previouslyreinforced behavior.

Front 20

Automaticity

Back 20

Behavior is modified by itsconsequences irrespective of theperson’s awareness.

Front 21

Premack Principle

Back 21

If the opportunity to engage in a“preferred” or “high-probability”behavior is made contingent onengaging in a “less preferred”behavior, the future duration orfrequency of the “less preferred”behavior will increase.

Front 22

Reinforcer

Back 22

A stimulus that, when presentedfollowing a response, increases ormaintains the future frequency ofthat response.

Front 23

Unconditioned Reinforcer

Back 23

A stimulus that, usually, isreinforcing without any priorlearning; that is, its effect is due tophylogenic provenance.

Front 24

Conditioned Reinforcer

Back 24

A stimulus that initially has noinnate reinforcing properties, butacquires reinforcing propertiesthrough pairing with unconditionedreinforcers or powerfulconditioned reinforcers.

Front 25

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer

Back 25

A conditioned reinforcer that hasbeen paired with a variety of otherreinforcers and which is effectivefor a wide range of behaviors.

Front 26

Escape

Back 26

Behavior that terminates anaversive stimulus.

Front 27

Avoidance

Back 27

Terminates a “warning” stimulus;prevents or delays the onset ofthe aversive stimulus.

Front 28

warning stimulus

Back 28

A conditioned aversive stimuluswhose presence is correlated withthe upcoming onset of anunconditioned aversive stimulus.

Front 29

unsignaled avoidance

Back 29

No clear warning stimulus, but aresponse can still delay or preventthe occurrence of the aversiveevent.

Front 30

Automatic Reinforcement

Back 30

The response itself directlyproduces the reinforcingconsequence. That is, theconsequence is NOT mediated byanother person.

Front 31

Socially Mediated Reinforcement

Back 31

The consequence is mediated byanother person.

Front 32

Planned reinforcement

Back 32

A person explicitly arranged thecontingency.

Front 33

Unplanned reinforcement

Back 33

The contingency was not explicitlyarranged.

Front 34

Operant Extinction

Back 34

The process by which apreviously reinforced behavior isweakened by withholdingreinforcement.

Front 35

Operant Spontaneous Recovery

Back 35

The sudden and temporaryreappearance of a behaviorfollowing extinction.

Front 36

Resurgence

Back 36

The reappearance of a previouslyextinguished behavior during theextinction of a more recentlyreinforced behavior.

Front 37

Unconditioned Punisher

Back 37

A stimulus that, usually, ispunishing without any priorlearning; that is, its effect is due tophylogenic provenance (genetics).

Front 38

Conditioned Punisher

Back 38

A stimulus that initially has noinnate punishing properties, butacquires punishing propertiesthrough pairing with unconditionedpunishers or powerful conditionedpunishers.

Front 39

Positive Punishment

Back 39

An environmental change in whicha stimulus is added (presented) ormagnified following a response,that decreases the futurefrequency of that response.

Front 40

Negative Punishment

Back 40

An environmental change in whicha stimulus is subtracted(withdrawn, removed) orattenuated following a response,which decreases the futurefrequency of that behavior.

Front 41

Time-out from positivereinforcement

Back 41

A procedure based on theprinciple of negative punishment;the organism cannot access(generally specified) reinforcers.

Front 42

Recovery from Punishment

Back 42

The process by which apreviously punished behavior isstrengthened by withholdingpunishment.