Unit 4 Key Terms Nursing 1

Front 1

a disease characterized by a prolonged inability or refusal to eat, rapid weight loss, and emaciation in persons who continue to believe they are fat

Back 1

ANOREXIA NERVOSA

Front 2

indicates whether weight is appropriate for height

Back 2

BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)

Front 3

an uncontrollable compulsion to eat large amounts of food and then expel it by self-induced vomiting or by taking laxatives

Back 3

BULIMIA

Front 4

a form of anemia caused by inadequate supply of iron for synthesis of hemoglobin

Back 4

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

Front 5

see Calorie / a unit of heat energy equivalent to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1 C

Back 5

KILOCALORIE

Front 6

a disorder of nutrition; insufficient nourishment of the body cells

Back 6

MALNUTRITION

Front 7

the sum of all the physical and chemical processes by which living substance is formed and maintained and by which energy is made available for use by the organism

Back 7

METABOLISM

Front 8

organic or inorganic substances found in food

Back 8

NUTRIENT

Front 9

weight greater than 20% of the ideal for height and frame

Back 9

OBESITY

Front 10

BMI 26-30 kg/m2

Back 10

OVERWEIGHT

Front 11

substances that have three fatty acids; they account for over 90% of the lipids in food and in the body

Back 11

TRIGLYCERIDES

Front 12

client recalls all the food and beverages consumed during a typical 24-hour period

Back 12

24 HOUR FOOD RECALL

Front 13

the failure of the kidneys to produce urine, resulting in a total lack of urination or output of less than 100 mL per day in an adult

Back 13

ANURIA

Front 14

client postpones voiding, resists or inhibits the sensation of urgency, and voids according to a timetable rather than according to the urge to void

Back 14

BLADDER TRAINING

Front 15

a measure of blood level of urea, the end product of protein metabolism

Back 15

BLOOD UREA NITROGEN

Front 16

drugs that induce defecation

Back 16

CATHARTICS

Front 17

digested products that leave the stomach through the small intestine and then pass through the ileocecal valve

Back 17

CHYME

Front 18

an opening into the colon (large bowel)

Back 18

COLOSTOMY

Front 19

a test uses 24-hour urine and serum creatinine levels to determine the glomerular filtration rate, a sensitive indicator of renal function

Back 19

CREATININE CLEARANCE

Front 20

a technique by which fluids and molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane according to the rules of osmosis

Back 20

DIALYSIS

Front 21

defecation of liquid feces and increased frequency of defecation

Back 21

DIARRHEA

Front 22

the production of large amounts of urine by the kidneys without an increased fluid intake

Back 22

DIURESIS

Front 23

painful or difficult voiding

Back 23

DYSURIA

Front 24

bedwetting; involuntary passing of urine in children after bladder control is achieved

Back 24

ENURESIS

Front 25

a mass or collection of hardened, puttylike feces in the folds of the rectum

Back 25

FECAL IMPACTION

Front 26

loss of voluntary ability to control fecal and gaseous discharges through the anal sphincter

Back 26

FECAL INCONTINENCE

Front 27

an opening through the abdominal wall into the stomach

Back 27

GASTROSTOMY

Front 28

a tuft of capillaries in the kidney surrounded by Bowman's capsule

Back 28

GLOMERULUS

Front 29

an opening into the ileum (small bowel)

Back 29

ILEOSTOMY

Front 30

an opening through the abdominal wall into the jejunum

Back 30

JEJUNOSTOMY

Front 31

the process of emptying the bladder

Back 31

MICTURITION

Front 32

interference with the normal mechanisms of urine elimination in which the client does not perceive bladder fullness and is unable to control the urinary sphincters; the result of impaired neurologic function

Back 32

NEUROGENIC BLADDER

Front 33

NOCTURIA

Back 33

voiding two or more times at night

Front 34

production of abnormally small amounts of urine by the kidney

Back 34

OLIGURIA

Front 35

a suffix denoting the formation of an opening or outlet such as an opening on the abdominal wall for the elimination of feces or urine

Back 35

OSTOMY

Front 36

wavelike movements produced by circular and longitudinal muscle fibers of the intestinal walls; it propels the intestinal contents onward

Back 36

PERISTALSIS

Front 37

excessive thirst

Back 37

POLYDIPSIA

Front 38

the production of large amounts of urine by the kidneys without an increased fluid intake

Back 38

POLYURIA

Front 39

an automatic response of the body to a stimulus

Back 39

REFLUX

Front 40

the amount of urine remaining in the bladder after a person voids

Back 40

RESIDUAL URINE

Front 41

the need to urinate often

Back 41

URINARY FREQUENCY

Front 42

a temporary or permanent inability of the external sphincter muscles to control the flow of urine from the bladder

Back 42

URINARY INCONTINENCE

Front 43

the accumulation of urine in the bladder and inability of the bladder to empty itself

Back 43

URINARY RETENTION

Front 44

the process of emptying the bladder

Back 44

URINATION

Front 45

forceful exhalation against a closed glottis, which increases intrathoracic pressure and thus interferes with venous blood return to the heart

Back 45

VALSALVA’S MANUEVER

Front 46

the process of emptying the bladder

Back 46

VOIDING

Front 47

the resistance against which the heart must pump to eject the blood into the circulation

Back 47

AFTERLOAD

Front 48

a condition that occurs when ventilation is decreased and pooled secretions accumulate in a dependent area of a bronchiole and block it

Back 48

ATELECTASIS

Front 49

the inherent ability of cardiac muscle fibers to shorten or contract

Back 49

CONTRACTILITY

Front 50

red blood cells, or RBCs

Back 50

ERYTHROCYTES

Front 51

the movement of gases from the lungs to the atmosphere

Back 51

EXPIRATION

Front 52

The red pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen

Back 52

HEMOGLOBIN

Front 53

a condition in which carbon dioxide accumulates in the blood

Back 53

HYPERCAPNIA

Front 54

Very deep, rapid respirations/ very shallow respirations

Back 54

HYPER/HYPOVENTILATION

Front 55

insufficient oxygen anywhere in the body

Back 55

HYPOXIA/HYPOXEMIA

Front 56

pressure in the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs

Back 56

INTRAPLEURAL PRESSURE

Front 57

pressure within the lungs

Back 57

INTRAPULMONARY PRESSURE

Front 58

Deficiency of blood supply caused by obstruction of circulation to the body part

Back 58

ISCHEMIA

Front 59

expansibility of the lung

Back 59

LUNG COMPLIANCE

Front 60

the tendency of lungs to collapse away from the chest wall

Back 60

LUNG RECOIL

Front 61

the compound of oxygen and hemoglobin

Back 61

OXYHEMOGLOBIN

Front 62

Passage of blood constituents through the vessels of the circulatory system

Back 62

PERFUSION

Front 63

the degree to which muscle fibers in the ventricle are stretched at the end of diastole

Back 63

PRELOAD

Front 64

impedance or opposition to blood flow to the tissues; determined by viscosity, or thickness, of the blood; blood vessel length; blood vessel diameter

Back 64

PVR (PERIPHERAL VASCULAR RESISTANCE)

Front 65

a surface-active agent (eg, soap or a synthetic detergent). In pulmonary physiology, a mixture of phosopholipids secreted by alveolar cells into the alveoli and respiratory air passages that reduces the surface tension of pulmonary fluids and thus contributes to the elastic properties of pulmonary tissue.

Back 65

SURFACTANT

Front 66

the amount of blood ejected with each cardiac contraction

Back 66

SV (STROKE VOLUME)

Front 67

Abnormally fast respirations, usually more than 24 respirations per minute

Back 67

TACHYPNEA

Front 68

The volume of air that is normally inhaled and exhaled

Back 68

TIDAL VOLUME

Front 69

The movement of air in and out of the lungs; the process of inhalation and exhalation

Back 69

VENTILATION

Front 70

The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inahalation

Back 70

VITAL CAPACITY

Front 71

inner rhythms that appear to control a variety of biologic processes

Back 71

BIO RHYTHMS

Front 72

the person is awake when the physiologic and psychologic rhythms are most active and is asleep when the physiologic and psychologic rhythms are most inactive

Back 72

CIRCADIAN SYNCHRONIZATION

Front 73

a stroking massage technique

Back 73

EFFLEURAGE

Front 74

a graph of the electrical activity of the brain; electrodes on the scalp to record brain waves

Back 74

ELECTROENCEPHALAGRAM (EEG)

Front 75

Electrodes on the outer canthus of each eye to record eye movement

Back 75

ELECTRO-OCULOGRAM (EOG)

Front 76

excessive sleep

Back 76

HYPERSOMNIA

Front 77

inability to obtain a sufficient quality or quantity of sleep

Back 77

INSOMNIA

Front 78

a condition in which an individual experiences an uncontrollable desire for sleep or attacks of sleep during the day

Back 78

NARCOLEPSY

Front 79

orgasm and emission of semen during sleep

Back 79

NOCTURNAL EMISSIONS

Front 80

a deep restful sleep rate; also called slow wave sleep

Back 80

NON RAPID EYE MOVEMENT SLEEP (NREM)

Front 81

a cluster or pattern of waking behavior that appears during sleep, such as somnambulism (sleepwalking), sleeptalking, and enuresis (bedwetting)

Back 81

PARASOMNIAS

Front 82

a cluster or pattern of waking behavior that appears during sleep, such as somnabulism (sleepwalking), sleeptalking, and enuresis (bedwetting)

Back 82

POLYSOMNOGRAPHY

Front 83

The person’s sleep problem is the main disorder; include insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and sleep derprivation.

Back 83

PRIMARY SLEEP DISORDERS

Front 84

sleep during which the person experiences rapid eye movements

Back 84

RAPID EYE MOVEMENT SLEEP (REM)

Front 85

Calmness, relaxation without emotional stress, and freedom from anxiety

Back 85

REST

Front 86

involved with sleep-wake cycle

Back 86

RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM

Front 87

Sleep disturbances caused by another clinical disorder

Back 87

SECONDARY SLEEP DISORDERS

Front 88

an altered state of consciousness in which the individual's perception of and reaction to the environment are decreased

Back 88

SLEEP

Front 89

periodic cessation of breathing during sleep

Back 89

SLEEP APNEA

Front 90

A syndrome caused by decreases in amount, quality, and consistency of sleep; produces a variety of physiologic and behavioral symptoms, the severity of which depend on the degree of deprivation

Back 90

SLEEP DEPRIVATION

Front 91

Refers to the basic organization of sleep

Back 91

SLEEP ARCHITECTURE

Front 92

Interventions used to promote sleep (client education, supporting bedtime rituals, creating a restful environment, promoting comfort and relaxation, sleep medication, if appropriate)

Back 92

SLEEP HYGIENE

Front 93

The study of sleep

Back 93

SOMNOLOGY

Front 94

A pattern of symptoms such as: agitation, anxiety, aggression, wandering, resistance to redirection, increased verbal activity such as yelling, and sometimes delusions that occur late in the afternoon and can last through the night.

Back 94

SUNDOWN SYNDROME

Front 95

pain that lasts only through the expected recovery period (less than six months), whether it has a sudden or slow onset and regardless of the intensity

Back 95

ACUTE PAIN

Front 96

medication that may enhance the effects of other analgesics or have its own analgesic properties

Back 96

ADJUVANT ANALGESIC

Front 97

full agonists which are pure opioid drugs that bind tightly to mu receptor sites, producing maximum pain inhibition, an agonist effect

Back 97

AGONIST ANALGESIC

Front 98

mixed agonists-antagonists drugs that can act like opioids and relieve pain (agonist effect) when given to a client who has not taken any pure opioids

Back 98

AGONIST-ANTOGONIST ANALGESIC

Front 99

prolonged pain, usually recurring or persisting over six months or longer, and interferes with functioning

Back 99

CHRONIC PAIN

Front 100

surgical severing which obliterates pain and temperature sensation below the level of the spinothalamic portion of the anterolateral tract severed, and is usually done for pain in the legs and trunk

Back 100

CORDOTOMY

Front 101

pain that originates in the skin or subcutaneous tissue

Back 101

CUTANEOUS PAIN

Front 102

pain that arises from ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, and nerves

Back 102

DEEP SOMATIC PAIN

Front 103

equal analgesia, is used when referring to the doses of various opioid analgesics that provide approximately the same pain relief

Back 103

EQUIANALGESIA

Front 104

pain assessment

Back 104

FIFTH VITAL SIGN

Front 105

extreme sensitivity to pain

Back 105

HYPERALGESIA

Front 106

pain that is resistant to cure or relief

Back 106

INTRACTABLE PAIN

Front 107

the result of a disturbance of the peripheral or central nervous system that results in pain that may or may not be associated with an ongoing tissue-damaging process

Back 107

NEUROPATHIC PAIN

Front 108

the physiologic processes related to pain perception

Back 108

NOCICEPTION

Front 109

a pain receptor

Back 109

NOCICEPTORS

Front 110

drugs that relieve pain by acting on the peripheral nerve endings to inhibit the formation of the prostaglandins that tend to sensitize nerve to painful stimuli; have analgesic, anti-pyretic, and anti-inflammatory effect; include aspirin and ibuprofen

Back 110

NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDS)

Front 111

whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he (or she) says it does

Back 111

PAIN

Front 112

the autonomic nervous system and behavioral responses to pain

Back 112

PAIN REACTION

Front 113

can be considered the same as pain threshold

Back 113

PAIN SENSATION

Front 114

the amount of pain stimulation a requires before feeling pain

Back 114

PAIN THRESHOLD

Front 115

the maximum amount and duration of pain that an individual is willing to endure

Back 115

PAIN TOLERANCE

Front 116

a pain management technique that allows the client to take an active role in managing pain

Back 116

PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA (PCA)

Front 117

pain that remains after the perceived location has been removed, such as pain perceived in a foot after the leg has been amputated

Back 117

PHANTOM PAIN

Front 118

any form of treatment (e.g., medication) that produces an effect in the client because of its intent rather than its chemical or physical properties

Back 118

PLACEBO

Front 119

the administration of analgesics prior to an invasive or operative procedure in order to treat pain before it occurs

Back 119

PREEMPTIVE ANALGESIA

Front 120

pain perceived at the source and in surrounding or nearby tissues

Back 120

RADIATING PAIN

Front 121

pain perceived to be in one area but whose source is another area

Back 121

REFERRED PAIN

Front 122

interruption of the anterior or posterior nerve root between the ganglion and the cord; generally performed on cervical nerve roots to alleviate pain of the head and neck

Back 122

RHIZOTOMY

Front 123

involves the insertion of a cable that allows the placement of an electrode directly on the spinal cord and is used with nonmalignant pain that has not been controlled with less invasive therapies

Back 123

SPINAL CORD STIMULATION

Front 124

severence of the pathways of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system; eliminates vasospasm, improves peripheral blood supply, and is effective in treating painful vascular disorders

Back 124

SYMPATHECTOMY

Front 125

a noninvasive, nonanalgesic pain control technique that allows the client to assist in the management of acute and chronic pain

Back 125

TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION (TENS)

Front 126

results from stimulation of pain receptors in the abdominal cavity, cranium, and thorax

Back 126

VISCERAL PAIN