Unit 4 Drugs

Front 1

(FUROSEMIDE [LASIX] - Diuretics (Ch 15)) - fyoor OH se mide

Back 1

Loop diuretics - G2 Inhibit Na+/K+/2Cl− transporter in thick ascending limb of loop of Henle. Increased Na+, K+, & Ca2+ excretion - Heart failure, pulmonary edema, severe hypertension; other forms of edema - Metabolic hypokalemic alkalosis • hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia • increased serum glucose, lipids, uric acid

Front 2

hydrochlorothiazide - Diuretics (Ch 15) - hye droe klor oh THYE a zide

Back 2

Thiazide diuretics - G2 Inhibit Na+/Cl− transporter in distal convoluted tubule. Cause moderate diuresis and reduced excretion of calcium - Hypertension, mild heart failure, hypercalciuria with stones • excessive ADH secretion - Metabolic hypokalemic alkalosis • early hyponatremia • increased serum glucose, lipids, uric acid

Front 3

spironolactone [Aldactone] - Diuretics (Ch 15) - speer on oh LAK tone

Back 3

Potassium-sparing diuretic - G2 Steroid inhibitors of cytoplasmic aldosterone receptor in collecting ducts • reduce K+ excretion - Chronic heart failure, aldosteronism • hypertension usually in combination with thiazides - Hyperkalemia • endocrine effects, gynecomastia

Front 4

(eplerenone) - Diuretics (Ch 15) - e PLER en one

Back 4

Potassium-sparing diuretic - G2 Steroid inhibitors of cytoplasmic aldosterone receptor in collecting ducts • reduce K+ excretion - Chronic heart failure, aldosteronism • adjunct in hypertension - Hyperkalemia

Front 5

triamterene - Diuretics (Ch 15) - trye AM ter een

Back 5

Potassium-sparing diuretic - G2 Inhibitor of ENaC epithelial sodium channels in collecting ducts, reduces Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion - Hypertension, usually in combination with thiazides - Hyperkalemia

Front 6

mannitol - Diuretics (Ch 15) - MAN i tole

Back 6

Osmotic diuretic - G2 Osmotically retains water in tubule by reducing reabsorption in proximal tubule, descending limb of Henle's loop, and collecting ducts - Solute overload in rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis • brain edema with coma • acute glaucoma - Peripheral edema • headache, nausea, vomiting

Front 7

furosemide [Lasix]* - Diuretics (Ch 15) - fyoor OH se mide

Back 7

Loop diuretics - G2 Inhibit Na+/K+/2Cl− transporter in thick ascending limb of loop of Henle. Increased Na+, K+, & Ca2+ excretion - Heart failure, pulmonary edema, severe hypertension; other forms of edema - Metabolic hypokalemic alkalosis • hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia • increased serum glucose, lipids, uric acid

Front 8

hydrochlorothiazide* - Diuretics (Ch 15) - hye droe klor oh THYE a zide

Back 8

Thiazide diuretics - G2 Inhibit Na+/Cl− transporter in distal convoluted tubule. Cause moderate diuresis and reduced excretion of calcium - Hypertension, mild heart failure, hypercalciuria with stones • excessive ADH secretion - Metabolic hypokalemic alkalosis • early hyponatremia • increased serum glucose, lipids, uric acid

Front 9

clonidine [Catapres] - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - KLON i deen

Back 9

Centrally acting alpha2 antagonis - G2 Agonist at α2 receptors • in CNS this results in decreased sympathetic nervous systemoutflow - Hypertension - Sedation, danger of severe rebound hypertension if suddenly stopped

Front 10

prazosin [Minipress]* - Sympatholytics (Ch 10) - PRAZ oh sin

Back 10

Selective α1 antagonist - G2 Competitive antagonism at α1 receptors - Hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia - Orthostatic hypotension (especially first dose), but little reflex tachycardia

Front 11

(doxazosin) [Cardura]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - doks AY zoe sin

Back 11

Selective α1 antagonist - G2 Competitive antagonism at α1 receptors - Hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia - Orthostatic hypotension (especially first dose), but little reflex tachycardia

Front 12

(terazosin) [Hytrin]* - Sympatholytics (Ch 10) - ter AY zoe sin

Back 12

Selective α1 antagonist - G2 Competitive antagonism at α1 receptors - Hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia - Orthostatic hypotension (especially first dose), but little reflex tachycardia

Front 13

propranolol* - Sympatholytics (Ch 10) - proe PRAN oh lole

Back 13

Nonselective β antagonist - G2 Prototype nonselective β blocker • reduces cardiac output • possible secondary reduction in renin release, local anesthetic effect - Angina, arrhythmias (treatment and prophylaxis), hypertension, thyrotoxicosis, tremor, stage fright, migraine - Excessive β blockade: bronchospasm (can be fatal in asthmatics), atrioventricular block, heart failure • CNS sedation, lethargy, sleep disturbances

Front 14

atenolol [Tenormin]* - Sympatholytics (Ch 10) - a TEN oh lole

Back 14

Selective β1 antagonist - G2 Competitive block of β1 receptors - Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias - Like propranolol with somewhat less danger of bronchospasm

Front 15

(metoprolol) [Lopressor]* - Drugs for Heart Failure Treatment (Ch 13) - me toe PROE lole

Back 15

Selective β1 antagonist - G2 Competitive block of β1 receptors - Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias. Shown to reduce mortality in heart failure - Like propranolol with somewhat less danger of bronchospasm

Front 16

(carvedilol) [Coreg] - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - KAR ve dil ole

Back 16

Mixed α + β antagonist - G2 Block both α and β receptors - Hypertension, hypertensive emergencies. Shown to reduce mortality in heart failure - Like propranolol with somewhat less danger of bronchospasm

Front 17

verapamil - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - ver AP a mil

Back 17

Cardiac-acting calcium channel blocker - G2 Prototype L-type calcium channel blockers • combine moderate vascular effect with strong cardiac effect - Angina, hypertension, arrhythmias - Excessive cardiac depression • constipation

Front 18

(diltiazem) [Cardizem] - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - dil TYE a zem

Back 18

Cardiac-acting calcium channel blocker - G2 Prototype L-type calcium channel blockers • combine moderate vascular effect with strong cardiac effect - Angina, hypertension, arrhythmias - Excessive cardiac depression • constipation

Front 19

nifedipine [Procardia, Adalat] - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - nye FED i peen

Back 19

Vasculature-specific calcium channel blocker - G2 Dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blocker; vascular > cardiac effect - Angina, hypertension - Pretibial edema, flushing, dizziness; hypotension • less constipation and more reflex tachycardia than verapamil

Front 20

hydralazine - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - hye DRAL a zeen

Back 20

Direct vasodilator - G2 Probably causes release of nitric acid (NO) by endothelial cells • causes arteriolar dilation - Hypertension, also used in heart failure - Tachycardia, salt and water retention, lupus-like syndrome

Front 21

minoxidil - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - mi NOKS i dil

Back 21

Direct vasodilator - G2 Prodrug, sulfate metabolite opens K+ channels, causes arteriolar smooth muscle hyperpolarization and vasodilation - Severe hypertension • male-pattern baldness - Marked tachycardia, salt and water retention • hypertrichosis

Front 22

nitroprusside - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - nye troe PRUS ide

Back 22

Organic nitrate (Nitric oxide donor) - G2 Release NO in blood • increase cGMP synthesis and cause relaxation in smooth muscle - Hypertensive emergencies • cardiac decompensation - Excessive hypotension • prolonged infusion may cause thiocyanate and cyanide toxicity

Front 23

captopril - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - KAP toe pril

Back 23

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - G2 ACE inhibitor • reduces angiotensin II and aldosterone secretion • increases bradykinin - Hypertension, heart failure - Cough, teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 24

(enalapril) [Vasotec] - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - e NAL a pril

Back 24

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - G2 ACE inhibitor • reduces angiotensin II and aldosterone secretion • increases bradykinin - Hypertension, heart failure - Cough, teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 25

(lisinopril) [Prinivil, Zestril] - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - lyse IN oh pril

Back 25

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - G2 ACE inhibitor • reduces angiotensin II and aldosterone secretion • increases bradykinin - Hypertension, heart failure - Cough, teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 26

(ramipril) [Altace] - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - RA mi pril

Back 26

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - G2 ACE inhibitor • reduces angiotensin II and aldosterone secretion • increases bradykinin - Hypertension, heart failure - Cough, teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 27

losartan [Cozaar] - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - loe SAR tan

Back 27

Angiotensin receptor blocker - G2 AT1 receptor inhibitor; reduces effects of angiotensin II - Hypertension, heart failure - Teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 28

(valsartan) [DIOVAN] - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - val SAR tan

Back 28

Angiotensin receptor blocker - G2 AT1 receptor inhibitor; reduces effects of angiotensin II - Hypertension, heart failure - Teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 29

(candesartan) [Atacand] - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - kan de SAR tan

Back 29

Angiotensin receptor blocker - G2 AT1 receptor inhibitor; reduces effects of angiotensin II - Hypertension, heart failure - Teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 30

(irbesartan) [Avapro] - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - ir be SAR tan

Back 30

Angiotensin receptor blocker - G2 AT1 receptor inhibitor; reduces effects of angiotensin II - Hypertension, heart failure - Teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 31

(olmesartan) [BENICAR] - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - ole me SAR tan

Back 31

Angiotensin receptor blocker - G2 AT1 receptor inhibitor; reduces effects of angiotensin II - Hypertension, heart failure - Teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 32

triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide [Dyazide]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - trye AM ter een & hye droe klor oh THYE a zide

Back 32

Combination K-sparing diuretic/thiazide diuretic - G2 See individual drugs - Hypertension - See individual drugs

Front 33

lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide [Prinzide]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - lyse IN oh pril & hye droe klor oh THYE a zide

Back 33

Combination ACE inhibitor/thiazide diuretic - G2 See individual drugs - Hypertension - See individual drugs

Front 34

benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide [Lotensin HCT]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - ben AY ze pril & hye droe klor oh THYE a zide

Back 34

Combination ACE inhibitor/thiazide diuretic - G2 See individual drugs - Hypertension - See individual drugs

Front 35

benazepril/amlodipine [Lotrel]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - ben AY ze pril & hye droe klor oh THYE a zide

Back 35

Combination ACE inhibitor/calcium channel blocker - G2 See individual drugs - Hypertension - See individual drugs

Front 36

valsartan/amlodipine [Exforge]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - am LOE di peen & val SAR tan

Back 36

Combination ARB/calcium channel blocker - G2 See individual drugs - Hypertension - See individual drugs

Front 37

valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide [DIOVAN HCT]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - val SAR tan & hye droe klor oh THYE a zide

Back 37

Combination ARB/thiazide diuretic - G2 See individual drugs - Hypertension - See individual drugs

Front 38

losartan/hydrochlorothiazide [Hyzaar]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - loe SAR tan & hye droe klor oh THYE a zide

Back 38

Combination ARB/thiazide diuretic - G2 See individual drugs - Hypertension - See individual drugs

Front 39

olmesartan/hydrochlorothiazide [BENICAR HCT]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - ole me SAR tan & hye droe klor oh THYE a zide

Back 39

Combination ARB/thiazide diuretic - G2 See individual drugs - Hypertension - See individual drugs

Front 40

irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide [Avalide]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - ir be SAR tan & hye droe klor oh THYE a zide

Back 40

Combination ARB/thiazide diuretic - G2 See individual drugs - Hypertension - See individual drugs

Front 41

telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide [Micardis HCT]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - tel mi SAR tan & hye droe klor oh THYE a zide

Back 41

Combination ARB/thiazide diuretic - G2 See individual drugs - Hypertension - See individual drugs

Front 42

nitroglycerin [Nitro-Dur] - Antianginal Drugs (Ch 12) - nye troe GLI ser in

Back 42

Organic nitrate (Nitric oxide donor) - G2 Release NO in smooth muscle • increase cGMP synthesis and cause relaxation in smooth muscle - Acute angina pectoris • acute coronary syndrome - Tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, headache

Front 43

(isosorbide mononitrate) [Imdur] - Antianginal Drugs (Ch 12) - eye soe SOR bide mon oh NYE trate

Back 43

Organic nitrate (Nitric oxide donor) - G2 Release NO in smooth muscle • increase cGMP synthesis and cause relaxation in smooth muscle• slower acting than nitroglycerin - Acute angina pectoris • acute coronary syndrome - Tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, headache

Front 44

verapamil* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - ver AP a mil

Back 44

Cardiac-acting calcium channel blocker - G2 Prototype L-type calcium channel blockers • combine moderate vascular effect with strong cardiac effect - Angina, hypertension, arrhythmias - Excessive cardiac depression • constipation

Front 45

(diltiazem) [Cardizem]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - dil TYE a zem

Back 45

Cardiac-acting calcium channel blocker - G2 Prototype L-type calcium channel blockers • combine moderate vascular effect with strong cardiac effect - Angina, hypertension, arrhythmias - Excessive cardiac depression • constipation

Front 46

nifedipine [Procardia, Adalat]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - nye FED i peen

Back 46

Vasculature-specific calcium channel blocker - G2 Dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blocker; vascular > cardiac effect - Angina, hypertension - Pretibial edema, flushing, dizziness; hypotension • less constipation and more reflex tachycardia than verapamil

Front 47

(amlodipine) [Norvasc] - Antianginal Drugs (Ch 12) - am LOE di peen

Back 47

Vasculature-specific calcium channel blocker - G2 Dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blocker; vascular > cardiac effect - Angina, hypertension - Pretibial edema, flushing, dizziness; hypotension • less constipation and more reflex tachycardia than verapamil

Front 48

propranolol* - Sympatholytics (Ch 10) - proe PRAN oh lole

Back 48

Nonselective β antagonist - G2 Prototype nonselective β blocker • reduces cardiac output • possible secondary reduction in renin release, local anesthetic effect - Angina, arrhythmias (treatment and prophylaxis), hypertension, thyrotoxicosis, tremor, stage fright, migraine - Excessive β blockade: bronchospasm (can be fatal in asthmatics), atrioventricular block, heart failure • CNS sedation, lethargy, sleep disturbances

Front 49

atenolol [Tenormin]* - Sympatholytics (Ch 10) - a TEN oh lole

Back 49

Selective β1 antagonist - G2 Competitive block of β1 receptors - Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias - Cough, teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 50

(metoprolol) [Lopressor]* - Drugs for Heart Failure Treatment (Ch 13) - me toe PROE lole

Back 50

Selective β1 antagonist - G2 Competitive block of β1 receptors - Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias. Shown to reduce mortality in heart failure - Like propranolol with somewhat less danger of bronchospasm

Front 51

ranolazine [Ranexa] - Antianginal Drugs (Ch 12) - ra NOE la zeen

Back 51

Antihypertensive sodium channel blocker - G2 Blocks late Na+ current in myocardium, reduces cardiac work - Angina - QT prolongation on ECG • P450 inhibitor

Front 52

furosemide [Lasix]* - Diuretics (Ch 15) - fyoor OH se mide

Back 52

Loop diuretics - G2 Inhibit Na+/K+/2Cl− transporter in thick ascending limb of loop of Henle. Increased Na+, K+, & Ca2+ excretion - Heart failure, pulmonary edema, severe hypertension; other forms of edema - Metabolic hypokalemic alkalosis • hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia • increased serum glucose, lipids, uric acid

Front 53

spironolactone [Aldactone]* - Diuretics (Ch 15) - speer on oh LAK tone

Back 53

Potassium-sparing diuretic - G2 Steroid inhibitors of cytoplasmic aldosterone receptor in collecting ducts • reduce K+ excretion - Chronic heart failure, aldosteronism • adjunct in hypertension - Hyperkalemia • endocrine effects, gynecomastia

Front 54

(eplerenone)* - Diuretics (Ch 15) - e PLER en one

Back 54

Potassium-sparing diuretic - G2 Steroid inhibitors of cytoplasmic aldosterone receptor in collecting ducts • reduce K+ excretion - Chronic heart failure, aldosteronism • adjunct in hypertension - Hyperkalemia

Front 55

captopril* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - KAP toe pril

Back 55

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - G2 ACE inhibitor • reduces angiotensin II and aldosterone secretion • increases bradykinin - Hypertension, heart failure - Cough, teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 56

(enalapril) [Vasotec]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - e NAL a pril

Back 56

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - G2 ACE inhibitor • reduces angiotensin II and aldosterone secretion • increases bradykinin - Hypertension, heart failure - Cough, teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 57

(lisinopril) [Prinivil, Zestril]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - lyse IN oh pril

Back 57

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - G2 ACE inhibitor • reduces angiotensin II and aldosterone secretion • increases bradykinin - Hypertension, heart failure - Cough, teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 58

(ramipril) [Altace]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - RA mi pril

Back 58

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - G2 ACE inhibitor • reduces angiotensin II and aldosterone secretion • increases bradykinin - Hypertension, heart failure - Cough, teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 59

losartan [Cozaar]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - loe SAR tan

Back 59

Angiotensin receptor blocker - G2 AT1 receptor inhibitor; reduces effects of angiotensin II - Hypertension, heart failure - Teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 60

(valsartan) [DIOVAN]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - val SAR tan

Back 60

Angiotensin receptor blocker - G2 AT1 receptor inhibitor; reduces effects of angiotensin II - Hypertension, heart failure - Teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 61

(candesartan) [Atacand]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - kan de SAR tan

Back 61

Angiotensin receptor blocker - G2 AT1 receptor inhibitor; reduces effects of angiotensin II - Hypertension, heart failure - Teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 62

(olmesartan) [BENICAR]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - ole me SAR tan

Back 62

Angiotensin receptor blocker - G2 AT1 receptor inhibitor; reduces effects of angiotensin II - Hypertension, heart failure - Teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 63

digoxin [Lanoxin] - Drugs for Heart Failure Treatment (Ch 13) - di JOKS in

Back 63

Cardiac glycoside - G2 nhibits Na+/K+ ATPase sodium pump and increases intracellular Na+, decreasing Ca2+ expulsion and increasing cardiac contractility - Heart failure, nodal arrhythmias - Arrhythmogenic! Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, visual changes (yellow-green halos)

Front 64

metoprolol [Lopressor] - Drugs for Heart Failure Treatment (Ch 13) - me toe PROE lole

Back 64

Selective β1 antagonist - G2 Competitive block of β1 receptors - Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias. Shown to reduce mortality in heart failure - Like propranolol with somewhat less danger of bronchospasm

Front 65

(carvedilol) [Coreg]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - KAR ve dil ole

Back 65

Mixed α + β antagonist - G2 Block both α and β receptors - Hypertension, hypertensive emergencies. Shown to reduce mortality in heart failure - Like propranolol with somewhat less danger of bronchospasm

Front 66

nitroprusside* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - nye troe PRUS ide

Back 66

Organic nitrate (Nitric oxide donor) - G2 Release NO in blood • increase cGMP synthesis and cause relaxation in smooth muscle - Hypertensive emergencies • cardiac decompensation - Excessive hypotension • prolonged infusion may cause thiocyanate and cyanide toxicity

Front 67

hydralazine* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - hye DRAL a zeen

Back 67

Direct vasodilator - G2 Probably causes release of nitric acid (NO) by endothelial cells • causes arteriolar dilation - Hypertension, also used in heart failure - Tachycardia, salt and water retention, lupus-like syndrome

Front 68

captopril* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - KAP toe pril

Back 68

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - G2 ACE inhibitor • reduces angiotensin II and aldosterone secretion • increases bradykinin - Hypertension, heart failure - Cough, teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 69

(enalapril) [Vasotec]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - e NAL a pril

Back 69

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - G2 ACE inhibitor • reduces angiotensin II and aldosterone secretion • increases bradykinin - Hypertension, heart failure - Cough, teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 70

(lisinopril) [Prinivil, Zestril]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - lyse IN oh pril

Back 70

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - G2 ACE inhibitor • reduces angiotensin II and aldosterone secretion • increases bradykinin - Hypertension, heart failure - Cough, teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 71

(ramipril) [Altace]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - RA mi pril

Back 71

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor - G2 ACE inhibitor • reduces angiotensin II and aldosterone secretion • increases bradykinin - Hypertension, heart failure - Cough, teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 72

losartan [Cozaar]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - loe SAR tan

Back 72

Angiotensin receptor blocker - G2 AT1 receptor inhibitor; reduces effects of angiotensin II - Hypertension, heart failure - Teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 73

(valsartan) [DIOVAN]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - val SAR tan

Back 73

Angiotensin receptor blocker - G2 AT1 receptor inhibitor; reduces effects of angiotensin II - Hypertension, heart failure - Teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 74

(candesartan) [Atacand]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - kan de SAR tan

Back 74

Angiotensin receptor blocker - G2 AT1 receptor inhibitor; reduces effects of angiotensin II - Hypertension, heart failure - Teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 75

(olmesartan) [BENICAR]* - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - ole me SAR tan

Back 75

Angiotensin receptor blocker - G2 AT1 receptor inhibitor; reduces effects of angiotensin II - Hypertension, heart failure - Teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Front 76

nitroglycerin [Nitro-Dur]* - Antianginal Drugs (Ch 12) - nye troe GLI ser in

Back 76

Organic nitrate (Nitric oxide donor) - G2 Release NO in smooth muscle • increase cGMP synthesis and cause relaxation in smooth muscle - Acute angina pectoris • acute coronary syndrome - Tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, headache

Front 77

(isosorbide mononitrate) [Imdur]* - Antianginal Drugs (Ch 12) - eye soe SOR bide mon oh NYE trate

Back 77

Organic nitrate (Nitric oxide donor) - G2 Release NO in smooth muscle • increase cGMP synthesis and cause relaxation in smooth muscle• slower acting than nitroglycerin - Acute angina pectoris • acute coronary syndrome - Tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, headache

Front 78

(nitroprusside) - Antihypertensive Drugs (Ch 11) - nye troe PRUS ide

Back 78

Organic nitrate (Nitric oxide donor) - G2 Release NO in blood • increase cGMP synthesis and cause relaxation in smooth muscle - Hypertensive emergencies • cardiac decompensation - Excessive hypotension • prolonged infusion may cause thiocyanate and cyanide toxicity

Front 79

heparin, unfractionated - Anticoagulants (Ch 34) - HEP a rin

Back 79

Parenteral anticoagulant - G2 Complexes with antithrombin • irreversibly inactivates the coagulation factors thrombin and factor Xa - Venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, adjuvant to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and thrombolytics - Bleeding (monitor with aPTT, protamine is reversal agent) • thrombocytopenia • osteoporosis with chronic use

Front 80

enoxaparin [LOVENOX] - Anticoagulants (Ch 34) - ee noks a PA rin

Back 80

Parenteral anticoagulant (LMW heparin) - G2 Low molecular weight heparin with more selective anti-factor X activity, more reliable pharmacokinetics with renal elimination, less risk of thrombocytopenia; admin SubQ - Venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, adjuvant to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and thrombolytics - Bleeding (monitor with aPTT) • thrombocytopenia

Front 81

rivaroxaban [Xarelto] - Anticoagulants (Ch 34) - riv a ROX a ban

Back 81

Direct factor X inhibitor - G2 Binds to the active site of factor Xa and inhibits its enzymatic action - Venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation - Bleeding • no specific reversal agent, no specific monitoring required

Front 82

dabigatran [Pradaxa] - Anticoagulants (Ch 34) - da BIG a tran

Back 82

Direct thrombin inhibitor - G2 Binds to thrombin active site and inhibits its enzymatic action - Anticoagulation in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) - Bleeding (monitor with aPTT)

Front 83

warfarin [Coumadin] - Anticoagulants (Ch 34) - WAR far in

Back 83

Oral anticoagulant - G2 Inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase and thereby interferes with production of functional vitamin K-dependent clotting and anticlotting factors - Venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, prevention of thromboembolic complications of atrial fibrillation or cardiac valve replacement - Bleeding (monitor with PT) • extreme number of DDIs • thrombosis early in therapy due to protein C deficiency • teratogen

Front 84

alteplase (tissue-type plasminogen activator) - Anticoagulants (Ch 34) - AL te plase

Back 84

Thrombolytic - G2 Converts plasminogen to plasmin, which degrades the fibrin in thrombi - Coronary artery thrombosis, ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism - Bleeding, especially cerebral hemorrhage

Front 85

aspirin* - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors & Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis (Ch 36) - AS pir in

Back 85

Irreversible cyclooxygenase inhibitor - G2 Irreversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 • reduces synthesis of prostaglandins • reduces platelet production of thromboxane A2 - Analgesia, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic • prevention of colon cancer • prevention & treatment of arterial thrombosis - Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, nephrotoxicity, and increased bleeding time at therapeutic levels • hypersensitivity reaction due to increased leukotrienes • tinnitus, hyperventilation metabolic acidosis, hyperthermia

Front 86

clopidogrel [PLAVIX] - Anticoagulants (Ch 34) - kloh PID oh grel

Back 86

ADP receptor antagonist - G2 Irreversibly inhibits platelet ADP receptor, blocking ADP-mediated platelet aggregation - Acute coronary syndrome, prevention of restenosis after PCI, prevention and treatment of arterial thrombosis - Bleeding, gastrointestinal disturbances, hematologic abnormalities

Front 87

dipyridamole - Anticoagulants (Ch 34) - dye peer ID a mole

Back 87

Adenosine uptake inhibitor - G2 Prevents ADP from entering platelet and inhibits phosphodiesterase enzymes that degrade cyclic nucleotides (cAMP, cGMP) - Prevention of thromboembolic complications of cardiac valve replacement • combined with aspirin for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke - Headache, palpitations, contraindicated in congestive heart failure

Front 88

atorvastatin [Lipitor] - Antidyslipidemic Drugs (Ch 35) - a TORE va sta tin

Back 88

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor - G2 Inhibits rate-limiting enzyme (HMG-CoA reductase) in hepatic cholesterol synthesis, leading to increase in hepatic LDL receptor production and removal of circulating LDLs • increases plaque stability - Atherosclerotic vascular disease (primary and secondary prevention) • acute coronary syndromes - Myopathy leading to rhabdomyolysis, hepatic dysfunction, teratogen

Front 89

(simvastatin) [Zocor] - Antidyslipidemic Drugs (Ch 35) - sim va STAT in

Back 89

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor - G2 Inhibits rate-limiting enzyme (HMG-CoA reductase) in hepatic cholesterol synthesis, leading to increase in hepatic LDL receptor production and removal of circulating LDLs • increases plaque stability - Atherosclerotic vascular disease (primary and secondary prevention) • acute coronary syndromes - Myopathy leading to rhabdomyolysis, hepatic dysfunction, teratogen

Front 90

(rosuvastatin) [CRESTOR] - Antidyslipidemic Drugs (Ch 35) - roe soo va STAT in

Back 90

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor - G2 Inhibits rate-limiting enzyme (HMG-CoA reductase) in hepatic cholesterol synthesis, leading to increase in hepatic LDL receptor production and removal of circulating LDLs • increases plaque stability - Atherosclerotic vascular disease (primary and secondary prevention) • acute coronary syndromes - Myopathy leading to rhabdomyolysis, hepatic dysfunction, teratogen

Front 91

(pravastatin) [Pravachol] - Antidyslipidemic Drugs (Ch 35) - prav a STAT in

Back 91

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor - G2 Inhibits rate-limiting enzyme (HMG-CoA reductase) in hepatic cholesterol synthesis, leading to increase in hepatic LDL receptor production and removal of circulating LDLs • increases plaque stability - Atherosclerotic vascular disease (primary and secondary prevention) • acute coronary syndromes - Myopathy leading to rhabdomyolysis, hepatic dysfunction, teratogen

Front 92

(lovastatin) - Antidyslipidemic Drugs (Ch 35) - LOE va sta tin

Back 92

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor - G2 Inhibits rate-limiting enzyme (HMG-CoA reductase) in hepatic cholesterol synthesis, leading to increase in hepatic LDL receptor production and removal of circulating LDLs • increases plaque stability - Atherosclerotic vascular disease (primary and secondary prevention) • acute coronary syndromes - Myopathy leading to rhabdomyolysis, hepatic dysfunction, teratogen

Front 93

cholestyramine [Questran] - Antidyslipidemic Drugs (Ch 35) - koe LES teer a meen

Back 93

Bile acid-binding resin - G2 Prevents reabsorption of bile acids from the gastrointestinal tract - Elevated LDL cholesterol, pruritus - Constipation, bloating, impaired absorption of vitamins A,D,E,&K

Front 94

(colesevelam) [WELCHOL] - Antidyslipidemic Drugs (Ch 35) - koh le SEV a lam

Back 94

Bile acid-binding resin - G2 Prevents reabsorption of bile acids from the gastrointestinal tract - Elevated LDL cholesterol, pruritus - Constipation, bloating, impaired absorption of vitamins A,D,E,&K

Front 95

ezetimibe [Zetia] - Antidyslipidemic Drugs (Ch 35) - ez ET i mibe

Back 95

Sterol absorption inhibitor - G2 Reduces intestinal uptake of cholesterol by inhibiting sterol transporter - Elevated LDL cholesterol, phytosterolemia - Potential hepatotoxicity

Front 96

fenofibrate [TRILIPIX] - Antidyslipidemic Drugs (Ch 35) - fen oh FYE brate

Back 96

Fibric acid derivative - G2 PPAR-α agonist - Hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol - Myopathy, hepatic dysfunction, cholestasis

Front 97

(gemfibrozil) [Lopid] - Antidyslipidemic Drugs (Ch 35) - jem FI broe zil

Back 97

Fibric acid derivative - G2 PPAR-α agonist - Hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol - Myopathy, hepatic dysfunction, cholestasis

Front 98

niacin (nicotinic acid) [NIASPAN] - Antidyslipidemic Drugs (Ch 35) - NYE a sin

Back 98

Triglyceride synthesis inhibitor - G2 Decreases VLDL synthesis and LDL cholesterol concentrations • increases HDL cholesterol - Low HDL cholesterol, elevated VLDL and LDL - Gastrointestinal irritation, flushing, hepatic toxicity, hyperuricemia

Front 99

ezetimibe/simvastatin [Vytorin]* - Antidyslipidemic Drugs (Ch 35) - ez ET i mibe & SIM va stat in

Back 99

Combination sterol absorption inhibitor/HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor - G2 See individual drugs - Hypercholesterolemia - See individual drugs