Unit 4 Chpt 13

Front 1

Describe the three meninges that surround the cns

Back 1

Cranial meninges- surround the brain and are continuous with the spinal meninges

Spinal meninges- surround the spinal cord

* both have same structure

Dura mater- most superficial and strongest.

Front 2

Name the 4 regions of the brains and the subdivision of each,

Back 2

Cerebrum

Diencephalon- thalamus & hypothalamus

Brain stem- midbrain, Pons, medula oblongata

Cerebellum

Front 3

Ventricles

Back 3

Cavities within the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Front 4

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?

Back 4

Cushion the brain within the skull and serve as a shock absorber for the central nervous system. Removes waste from the brain.

Front 5

Meninges

Back 5

Connective tissue covering they surround the spinal cord and brain.

Front 6

Blood-brain barrier

Back 6

Protects the CNS from harmful substances and pathogens by preventing passage of these substance from blood into the interstitial fluid of the brain tissue.

Front 7

List all the ventricles of the brain and location.

Back 7

*1 lateral ventricle in each hemisphere of the cerebrum

*third ventricle along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus

*Fourth ventriclelies between the brain stem and the cerebellum

Front 8

Gyri

Back 8

Cortical region rolls, folding upon itself

Front 9

Fissures

Back 9

The deepest grooves between folds (gyri)

Front 10

Sulci

Back 10

The shallow grooves between folds (gyri)

Front 11

Longitudinal fissure

Back 11

Most prominent. Separates the cerebrum into right and left halves.

Front 12

Corpus collosum

Back 12

How the cerebral hemisphere are connected internally. A broad band of white matter containing axons that extend between the hemisphere.

Front 13

Structure of the cerebrum

Back 13

deep furrow divides the cerebrum into two halves, known as the left and right hemispheres.

The corpus callosum is a bundle of axons which connects these two hemispheres.

Nerve cells make up the gray surface of the cerebrum which is a little thicker than your thumb. White nerve fibers underneath carry signals between the nerve.

Front 14

List the lobes of the cerebrum.

Back 14

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Front 15

Fiber Tracts

Back 15

Cerebral white matter consists of mostly tracts. Bundles of myelinated axons that propagate impulses throughout the CNS

Front 16

3 types of tracts

Back 16

Association tract

Commissural tracts

Projection tracts

Front 17

Association tract

Back 17

Contain axons that conduct impulses between gyri in the same hemisphere.

Front 18

Commissural tract

Back 18

Contain axons that conduct impulses from gyri in one cerebral hemisphere to corresponding gyri in the other cerebral hemisphere.

Front 19

Projection tracts

Back 19

Contain axons that conduct impulses from the cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS or from lower parts of the CNS to the cerebrum.

Front 20

What do the three tracts do?

Back 20

Form white matter areas in the cerebral hemisphere.

Front 21

Function of basal nuclei

Back 21

Help initiate and terminate movements, suppress unwanted movements and regulate muscle tone.

Front 22

Damage to Brocas area

Back 22

Not able to speak words; although, the person still knows what he/she wants to say

Front 23

Damage to Wernickes area

Back 23

can still form words, but sentences do not make sense.

Front 24

Damage to the Somatosensory Association Cortex

Back 24

agnosia-cannot tell what things are by looking at them

Front 25

Visual association area

Back 25

visual agnosia - the inability to perceive or identify a stimulus, despite normal visual sensatio

Front 26

3 parts of the Diencephalon

Back 26

Thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland

Front 27

Function of the thalamus

Back 27

Transmit information from the cerebellum and basal nuclei to the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex. It also relays impulses between different areas of the cerebrum.

Front 28

Function of the hypothalamus

Back 28

PRODUCTION of hormones

Regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns

Control of body temperature

Front 29

Function of the epithalamus

Back 29

retion of melatonin (pineal gland)Regulation of motor pathways and emotionsConnection with limbic system and basal ganglia

Front 30

3 brain stem regions

Back 30

Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Front 31

Location and function of midbrain.

Back 31

It is located near the center of the brain, under the cerebral cortex and on top of the hindbrain region.

body temperature regulation, motor control, and sleep cycles.

Front 32

Location and function of pons

Back 32

Area of the hindbrain that sits directly above the medulla

Connects upper and lower parts of the brain

Front 33

Location and structure of medulla oblongata

Back 33

Lower part of the brain stem

Carries out and regulates life sustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing and heart rate