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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lesion |
tissue destruction |
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electroencephalogram (EEG) |
an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp. |
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CT (computed tomography) |
a series of X-ray photographs taken from different angles and combines by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body. |
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PET (positron emission tomography) scan |
A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task. |
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MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) |
a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissues. |
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fMRI (funtional MRI) |
A technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function. |
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brainstem |
oldest part and central core of brain. AKA reticular formation, or reticular activating system. In charge of automatic survival functions |
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medulla |
The base of the brainstem. Controls heartbeat and breathing. |
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reticular formation |
Plays an important role in controlling arousal. |
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thalamus |
the brains 'sensory switch board' Located at top of brainstem; directs messages to the sensory areas and transmits them to cerebellum and medulla. |
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cerebellum |
"little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions including processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory. |
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limbic system |
A system of neural structures at the border of brainstem. Associated with emotions like fear, aggression, and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the Hippocampus, Amygdala and hypothalamus. |
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amygdala |
2 Lima bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system, linked to emotion. Includes rage and fear. |
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hypothalamus |
A neural structure lying below the thalamus, it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature) helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward. |
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cerebral cortex |
Fabric of interconnected neuron cells. Higher order thinking. Takes meaning and puts it to focus. The body's ultimate control and information-processing center. |
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glial cells |
Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons. |
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frontal lobes |
the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments. |
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parietal lobes |
The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; includes the sensory cortex. Receives sensory input for touch and body position. |
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occipital lobes |
the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes the visual areas, which receive visual info from the opposite visual field. |
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temporal lobes |
The portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each of which revives auditory info primarily from the opposite end. |
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motor cortex |
an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements. |
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sensory cortex |
the area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations. |
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association areas |
areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking |
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aphasia |
impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's (impairing speaking) or to Wenicke's area (impairing understanding) |
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Broca's area |
controls language expression-- an are, usually in the left frontal lobe, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech. |
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Wenicke's area |
controls language reception-- a brain are involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left-temporal lobe. |
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plasticity |
The brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience. |
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neurogenesis |
Formation of new neurons |
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corpus callosum |
Large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them. |
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split brain |
A conditioning resulting from surgery that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the fibers connecting them. |
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consciousness |
our awareness of ourselves and our environment. |
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cognitive neuroscience |
The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition. (including perception, thinking, memory and language.) |
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dual processing |
a phenomenon can occur in two different ways, or as a result of two different processes, The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
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