Unit 3 Topic 4 Vocabulary

Front 1

Mitosis

Back 1

a eukaryotic cell desperates its already duplicated chromosomes into two sets of chromosomes so there will be two identical nuclei

Front 2

Asexual Reproduction

Back 2

when offspring are produced from a single parent

Front 3

Cell Division

Back 3

the mitotic phase and cytokinesis together. the division of the parent cell into two daughter cells, each with the same genetic information as the parent cell

Front 4

Cell Cycle

Back 4

the series of events thats take place in a eukaryotic cell between its formation and the moment it replicates itself. includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

Front 5

Interphase

Back 5

a phase of the cell cycle, defined only by the absence of cell division. during interphase, the cell obtains nutrients, and duplicates it's chromatids

Front 6

G1 Phase

Back 6

growth #1 where the cell creates organelles and begins metabolism

Front 7

G1 Phase

Back 7

growth #1 where the cell creates organelles and begins metabolism

Front 8

S Phase

Back 8

short for synthesis phase, is a period in the cell cycle during interphase, between G1 phase and the G2 phase. following G1, the cell enters the S stage, when DNA synthesis or replication occurs

Front 9

G1 Phase

Back 9

growth #1 where the cell creates organelles and begins metabolism

Front 10

S Phase

Back 10

short for synthesis phase, is a period in the cell cycle during interphase, between G1 phase and the G2 phase. following G1, the cell enters the S stage, when DNA synthesis or replication occurs

Front 11

G2 Phase

Back 11

is the third, and final, and usually the shortest sub phase during interphase within the cell cycle in which the cell undergoes a period of rapid growth to prepare for mitosis

Front 12

Diploid Cell

Back 12

a cell that divides and contains two complete sets of chromosomes

Front 13

Diploid Cell

Back 13

a cell that divides and contains two complete sets of chromosomes

Front 14

Daughter Cells

Back 14

or chromatids, that each have one copy of each chromosome

Front 15

Diploid Cell

Back 15

a cell that divides and contains two complete sets of chromosomes

Front 16

Daughter Cells

Back 16

or chromatids, that each have one copy of each chromosome

Front 17

Chromatids

Back 17

half of a chromosome

Front 18

Prophase

Back 18

the DNA molecules are progressively shortened and condensed by cooling, to form visible chromosomes

Front 19

Prophase

Back 19

the DNA molecules are progressively shortened and condensed by cooling, to form visible chromosomes

Front 20

Chromatin

Back 20

cooked bundles of DNA and proteins

Front 21

Cenntromer

Back 21

where two chromatids join during prophase

Front 22

Spindle Fibers

Back 22

made of microtubules, radiate outward from the centrosomes

Front 23

Spindle Fibers

Back 23

made of microtubules, radiate outward from the centrosomes

Front 24

Centrioles

Back 24

small cylindrical bodies that cast spindle fibers

Front 25

Spindle Fibers

Back 25

made of microtubules, radiate outward from the centrosomes

Front 26

Centrioles

Back 26

small cylindrical bodies that cast spindle fibers

Front 27

Metaphase

Back 27

the spindle fibers attach themselves to the centromeres of the chromosomes and align the chromosomes at the equator

Front 28

Spindle Fibers

Back 28

made of microtubules, radiate outward from the centrosomes

Front 29

Centrioles

Back 29

small cylindrical bodies that cast spindle fibers

Front 30

Metaphase

Back 30

the spindle fibers attach themselves to the centromeres of the chromosomes and align the chromosomes at the equator

Front 31

Anaphase

Back 31

the spindle fibers shorten and the centromere splits spreading the two sister chromatids

Front 32

Spindle Fibers

Back 32

made of microtubules, radiate outward from the centrosomes

Front 33

Centrioles

Back 33

small cylindrical bodies that cast spindle fibers

Front 34

Metaphase

Back 34

the spindle fibers attach themselves to the centromeres of the chromosomes and align the chromosomes at the equator

Front 35

Anaphase

Back 35

the spindle fibers shorten and the centromere splits spreading the two sister chromatids

Front 36

Telophase

Back 36

the last stage of mitosis, where the spindle fibers disappear, and the chromosomes unwind. a new nuclear membrane forms and surrounds each new set of chromosomes

Front 37

Cleavage Furrow

Back 37

creates an indentation and then eventually pinches the cell into two separate cells

Front 38

Cleavage Furrow

Back 38

creates an indentation and then eventually pinches the cell into two separate cells

Front 39

Cytokenesis

Back 39

division of the cytoplasm following mitosis. two newly formed nuclei became incorporated into separate cells

Front 40

Cleavage Furrow

Back 40

creates an indentation and then eventually pinches the cell into two separate cells

Front 41

Cytokenesis

Back 41

division of the cytoplasm following mitosis. two newly formed nuclei became incorporated into separate cells

Front 42

Cancer

Back 42

a disease caused my uncontrolled division of cells

Front 43

Meiosis

Back 43

produces haploid cells from a sperm and an egg cell during sexual reproduction

Front 44

Meiosis

Back 44

produces haploid cells from a sperm and an egg cell during sexual reproduction

Front 45

Haploid Cells

Back 45

sex cells called sperm and egg cells and contain half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell

Front 46

Meiosis

Back 46

produces haploid cells from a sperm and an egg cell during sexual reproduction

Front 47

Haploid Cells

Back 47

sex cells called sperm and egg cells and contain half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell

Front 48

Crossing Over

Back 48

during prophase 1 of meiosis 1, where homologous chromosomes pair and exchange DNA

Front 49

Meiosis

Back 49

produces haploid cells from a sperm and an egg cell during sexual reproduction

Front 50

Haploid Cells

Back 50

sex cells called sperm and egg cells and contain half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell

Front 51

Crossing Over

Back 51

during prophase 1 of meiosis 1, where homologous chromosomes pair and exchange DNA

Front 52

Prophase 2

Back 52

chromosomes are already condensed and new spindle fibers form to the half of chromosomes

Front 53

Meiosis

Back 53

produces haploid cells from a sperm and an egg cell during sexual reproduction

Front 54

Haploid Cells

Back 54

sex cells called sperm and egg cells and contain half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell

Front 55

Crossing Over

Back 55

during prophase 1 of meiosis 1, where homologous chromosomes pair and exchange DNA

Front 56

Prophase 2

Back 56

chromosomes are already condensed and new spindle fibers form to the half of chromosomes

Front 57

Metaphase 2

Back 57

each pair of chromatids line up in the middle of the cell and the spindles attach

Front 58

Meiosis

Back 58

produces haploid cells from a sperm and an egg cell during sexual reproduction

Front 59

Haploid Cells

Back 59

sex cells called sperm and egg cells and contain half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell

Front 60

Crossing Over

Back 60

during prophase 1 of meiosis 1, where homologous chromosomes pair and exchange DNA

Front 61

Prophase 2

Back 61

chromosomes are already condensed and new spindle fibers form to the half of chromosomes

Front 62

Metaphase 2

Back 62

each pair of chromatids line up in the middle of the cell and the spindles attach

Front 63

Anaphase 2

Back 63

the centromeres that hold the chromatids together split and one chromatid moves to each side of the cell

Front 64

Meiosis

Back 64

produces haploid cells from a sperm and an egg cell during sexual reproduction

Front 65

Haploid Cells

Back 65

sex cells called sperm and egg cells and contain half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell

Front 66

Crossing Over

Back 66

during prophase 1 of meiosis 1, where homologous chromosomes pair and exchange DNA

Front 67

Prophase 2

Back 67

chromosomes are already condensed and new spindle fibers form to the half of chromosomes

Front 68

Metaphase 2

Back 68

each pair of chromatids line up in the middle of the cell and the spindles attach

Front 69

Anaphase 2

Back 69

the centromeres that hold the chromatids together split and one chromatid moves to each side of the cell

Front 70

Telophase 2

Back 70

nuclear envelopes re-form around the chromosomes and form 4 new cells not identical to the original