Unit 3 Part B

Front 1

Definition:

A molecule composed of 2 fatty acids and a phosphate-containing group bonded to 3 carbons of a glycerol molecule

Back 1

Phospholipid

Front 2

Definition:

Lipid with carbohydrates attached

Back 2

Glycolipids

Front 3

Definition:

Protein with carbohydrates attached

Back 3

Glycoprotein

Front 4

Definition:

A channel that is closed but triggered to open by certain stimuli

Back 4

Gated channel protein

Front 5

Definition:

A carrier that consumes ATP

Back 5

Protein pump

Front 6

Definition:

The solute that binds receptors

Back 6

Ligand

Front 7

Definition:

a protein that binds a specific extracellular solute

Back 7

Receptor

Front 8

Define selectively permeable

Back 8

Completely permeable to some solutes but NOT permeable to others

Front 9

Definition:

Difference in solute concentration on each side of the membrane

Back 9

Concentration gradient

Front 10

Definition:

Spontaneous net movement of particles from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration (down a concentration gradient)

Back 10

Diffusion

Front 11

Explain the structure and function of the cell membrane

Back 11

Structure- outer boundary of the cell

Function-

1. Communication between cells

2. Regulating entry and exit of materials

Front 12

Definition:

Carbohydrate with protein bonded

Back 12

Proteoglycan

Front 13

Explain the structure and functions (3) of the glycocalyx

Back 13

Structure- sugar coating

Functions-

1. Acts as an ID card

2. Protection

3. Cell adhesion

Front 14

Specialized Protein Functions:

Describe membrane transport and what it's done by

Back 14

It is the import and export of solute

Done by channel proteins, and carrier proteins

Front 15

Specialized Protein Functions:

Describe cell to cell communication

Back 15

It is done by receptors

Front 16

Specialized Protein Functions:

Describe enzymes

Back 16

Substance that allows a reaction to occur

Front 17

Specialized Protein Functions:

Define identification via glycoproteins in 3 ways

Back 17

1. Type of organism

2. Individual

3. Cell type within the organism

Front 18

Specialized Protein Functions:

Describe the functions (2) of cell adhesion molecules

Back 18

1. Form cell junctions: binds together neighboring cells

2. Bind cell to extracellular molecules

Front 19

Describe channel proteins

Back 19

1.They can always be open

2. Gated: closed but triggered to open by certain stimuli

Front 20

Describe carrier proteins

Back 20

1. Bind solute and transfer across membrane

2. Some use ATP (energy)

Front 21

What are examples (4) of some permeable solutes?

Back 21

1. Glucose

2. O2, CO2

3. Waste products

4. Water

Front 22

What are examples (2) of some non permeable solutes?

Back 22

1. Organelles

2. Proteins, steriods

Front 23

Give an example of concentration gradient.

Back 23

O2 Concentration

Extracellular region has 10% O2

Intracellular region has 5% O2

Front 24

Define "uphill" and "downhill" movement, state what it's called and if it uses ATP or not

Back 24

Uphill: solute moves from low concent to high

Called- active transport, uses ATP

Downhill: solute moves from high to low

Called- passive transport, does not use ATP

Front 25

Definition:

Downhill movement of H2O (solvent), moves from high H2O to low H2O concentration

Back 25

Osmosis

Front 26

Definition:

Solute crosses the membrane by itself, no membrane protein needed

Back 26

Simple diffusion

Front 27

Definition:

Solute can not cross membrane by itself, it needs a membrane protein

Back 27

Facilitated diffusion

Front 28

Definition:

Process in which a carrier moves a substance through a cell membrane up its concentration gradient using ATP

Back 28

Primary active transport

Front 29

Definition:

Moves more than 1 solute at a time with potential energy stored in a gradient

Back 29

Secondary active transport

Front 30

Definition:

Substance enters cell

Back 30

Endocytosis

Front 31

Definition:

Substance exits cell

Back 31

Exocytosis

Front 32

Define phagocytosis and give an example

Back 32

"Cell eating"

Ingest very large particles

Example: Entire bacteria cells

Front 33

Define pinocytosis

Back 33

"Cell drinking"

Ingest small droplets of extracellular fluid

Front 34

Define receptor mediated endocytosis

Back 34

Ingests solutes that have bound to a receptor

Front 35

List the 5 factors influencing diffusion

Back 35

1. Steepness of gradient

2. Temperature

3. Solute size (molecular weight)

4. Membrane permeability

5. Amount of membrane surface area available for transport

Front 36

Simple Diffusion

What are the characteristics of solute (3) and can it be regulated (controlled)?

Back 36

1. non-polar

2. Lipid soluble

3. Generally smaller in size

It can not be controlled

Front 37

Facilitated Diffusion

What are the characteristics of solute (3) and can it be regulated (controlled)?

Back 37

1. Polar

2. Not lipid soluble

3. Generally larger in size

It can be controlled

Front 38

Explain the significance of osmosis to physiology and homeostasis

Back 38

Homeostasis must prevent osmosis from occurring, but it must also allow for osmosis to occur to create water balance

Front 39

Explain the clinical applications of osmosis in respects to isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic

Back 39

IV solutions must be isotonic

Hypertonic- edema patients

Hypotonic- dehydration

Front 40

In detail, describe the mechanism of the Na+/K+ pump

Back 40

1. The Na is high outside and low inside, the K is high inside and low outside,

2. Na moves out the cell and K moves into the cell, it moves from low to high

3. Maintains the necessary gradient for muscle and nerve function

Front 41

In detail, describe the mechanism of the Na+/glucose pump

Back 41

1. The Na is high outside and low inside, the glucose is high inside and low outside

2. Na moves inside the cell, glucose moves inside the cell

3. This is created by the Na+/K+ pump

4. Transport proteins allow Na back into cell, dragging glucose along with it