Unit 3 Part A

Front 1

Define cytology.

Back 1

The study of cells

Front 2

List the components of the cell theory (5)

Back 2

1. All organisms are made of cells

2. Cell is the smallest unit of life

3. Structure and Function of an organism is due to activities of its cell

4. Cells come from pre-existing cells

5. Cells of all species have many chemical and metabolic similarities

Front 3

Explain how the principle of complementarity of structure and function relates to the anatomy of a single cell

Back 3

There are more than 200 different cell types that vary in size and shape because of their different functions

Front 4

Define Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

Back 4

Squamous- Thin, flat, scale like

Cuboidal- Cube like, box shaped

Columnar- Tall, column like

Front 5

Define polygonal, stellate, and speroid and provide an example

Back 5

Polygonal- irregular, angular shapes with many sides (epithelial)

Stellate- Star like (Nerve cell)

Speroid- oval shaped (white blood cells)

Front 6

Define Discoid, fusiform, and fibrous and provide an example

Back 6

Discoid- disc or bowl shaped (red blood cells)

Fusiform- spindle shaped, tapers at end (muscle)

Fibrous- long, skinny, thread like (skeletal or cardiac muscle)

Front 7

Explain the structure and functions (3) of the plasma membrane (cell membrane)

Back 7

Structure- outer boundary of the cell

Function-

1. Barrier

2. Communication between cells

3. Regulating entry and exit of materials

Front 8

Explain the structure and function of the nucleus.

Back 8

Structure- largest organelle

Function- control center: directs cell's activities, and contains DNA

Front 9

Explain the structure and function of the mitochondria.

Back 9

Structure- two membranes (inner: contains cristae: folds) and (outer)

Function- makes energy, performs celluar respiration

Front 10

Explain the structure and functions (2) of a lysosome

Back 10

Structure- Sake like

Function-

1. garbage disposal, destroys unwanted materials (autophagy)

2. destroys the cell itself (apoptosis)

Front 11

Explain the function of a peroxisome

Back 11

Function- similar to lysosome but destroys only certain substances

Front 12

Explain the structure and function of a ribosome

Back 12

Structure- very small, made of rRNA and proteins

Functions- protein synthesis (makes proteins)

Front 13

Explain the structure and functions (2) of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Back 13

Structure- a channel system extending from nucleus, goes throughout cytoplasm

Functions- attached ribosomes make proteins, proteins are then imported into the rough ER and processed

Front 14

Explain the structure and functions (2) of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Back 14

Structure- a channel system extending from the nucleus, goes throughout the cytoplasm

Function- makes fatty acids and hormones

In skeletal and cardiac muscle: stores and releases Ca

Front 15

Explain the structure and functions (4) of the golgi complex

Back 15

Structure- channel system in the cytoplasm

Functions-

1. Modifies proteins made in rough ER,

2. Sorts and packages proteins

3. Sends them off in vesicles

4. Forms lysosomes

Front 16

Explain the structure of the cytoskeleton

Back 16

Structure- network of protein filaments

Not a membranous organelle

Front 17

List the 3 types of filaments of the cytoskeleton

Back 17

1. Microfilaments

2. Intermediate filaments

3. Microtubules

Front 18

Explain the structure and functions (3) of the microfilaments

Back 18

Structure- the smallest, made of actin

Functions-

1. cellular movement (muscle contraction)

2. cell division

3. support

Front 19

Explain the structure and functions (4) of the intermediate filaments

Back 19

Structure- intermediate in size

Functions-

1. very strong

2. anchors organelles in place

3. cell junctions

4. found in areas of mechanical stress

Front 20

Explain the structure and functions (4) of thee microtubules

Back 20

Structure- largest, hollow tubes made of tubulin

Functions-

1. cell shape

2. movement inside cell

3. form cilia and flagella

4. form mitotic spindle (mitosis)

Front 21

Definition:

All material inside thee membrane

Back 21

Cytoplasm

Front 22

List and contrast the 2 components of the cytoplasm

Back 22

1. Cytosol: the fluid part

2. Organelles: the little organs

Front 23

Cellular Projections:

Explain the structure and function of microvilli, how it is formed, and an example of where its found

Back 23

Formed by cell membrane

Structure- finger like projections

Function- increase surface area for absorption

Location- intestine, kidney

Front 24

Cellular Projections:

Explain the structure and function of cilia, how it is formed, and an example of where its found

Back 24

Formed by the cytoskeleton

Structure- short "hairs", made of microtubules

Function- move extracellular material across cell

Location- trachea, oviduct, inner ear

Front 25

Cellular Projections:

Explain the structure and function of flagella, how it is formed, and an example of where its found

Back 25

Formed by the cytoskeleton

Structure- whip like "tail", made of microtubles

Function- cell movement

Location- sperm cell

Front 26

Explain the role of organelle in human diseases and health conditions

Back 26

Human diseases are caused by defects in certain organelles

Lysosome defects:

Tay Sachs disease

Mitochondria defects:

Muscular dystrophy

Front 27

Definition:

Holes in membrane allowing for materials to enter/exit

Back 27

Nuclear Pore

Front 28

Definition:

Special region inside nucleus

Back 28

Nucleolus

Front 29

Definition:

Fluid portion in middle of mitochondria

Back 29

Matrix (matric)

Front 30

Definition:

Cell destroys itself

Back 30

Apoptosis

Front 31

Definition:

Cell destroys unwanted materials

Back 31

Autophagy

Front 32

Definition:

Membrane covering organelles

Back 32

Membraneous oragnelles

Front 33

Definition:

Watery material inside

Back 33

Nucleoplasm

Front 34

Definition:

A cell with only one nucleus

Back 34

Anuclear

Front 35

Definition:

Separate chromosomes during mitosis (cell division)

Back 35

Mitotic spindle