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193 Cards in this Set
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the blending of attitudes and beliefs; process by which members of a foreign culture learn the values and behaviors of a culture to which they have immigrated; involuntary process whereas the nondominant group are often forced to adopt the new culture to survive; also defined as the changes of one’s cultural patterns to those of the host society
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ACCULTURATION
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Process by which an individual develops a new cultural identity and becoming like the members of the dominant culture
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ASSIMILIATION
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used to describe a person who crosses two cultures, lifestyles, and sets of values
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BICULTURAL
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concept that describes the provision of nursing care across cultural boundaries and takes into account the context in which the client lives and the situations in which the client's health problems arise
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CULTURAL CARE
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application of underlying background knowledge that must be possessed to provide a given client with the best possible health care
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CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE
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within the delivered care the nurse understands and attends to the total context of the client's situation and uses a complex combination of knowledge, attitudes, and skills
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CULTURALLY COMPETENT
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care that demonstrates basic knowledge of and constructive attitudes towards the health traditions observed among the diverse cultural groups found in the setting
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CULTURALLY SENSITIVE
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a world view and set of traditions used and transmitted from generation to generation by a particular group, includes related attitudes and institutions
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CULTURE
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a disorder that occurs in response to transition from one cultural setting to another
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CULTURE SHOCK
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usually composed of people who have a distinct identity and yet are related to a larger cultural group
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SUBCULTURE
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the differential treatment of individuals or groups
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DISCRIMINATION
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assuming that all members of a culture or ethnic group are alike
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STEREOTYPING
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a negative belief or preference that is generalized about a group and that leads to "prejudgment"
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PREJUDICE
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the fact or state of being different
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DIVERSITY
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belonging to a specific group of individuals who share a common social and cultural heritage
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ETHNIC
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classification of people according to shared biologic characteristics and physical features
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RACE
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(Estes and Zitzow) the degree to which one's lifestyle reflects his or her respective tribal culture
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HERITAGE CONSISTENCY
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the observance of the beliefs and practices of one's acculturated belief system
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HERITAGE INCONSISTENCY
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holds that the forces of nature must be maintained in balance or harmony
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HOLISTIC HEALTH BENEFIT
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beliefs and practices relating to illness prevention and healing that derive from cultural traditions rather than from modern medicine's scientific base
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FOLK MEDICINE
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a belief system in which people attribute the fate of the world and those in it to the actions of God, the gods, or other supernatural forces for good or evil
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MAGICO-RELIGIOUS BELIEF VIEW
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Scientific health belief
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BIOMEDICAL HEALTH BELIEF
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based on the belief that life and life processes are controlled by physical and biochemical processes that can be manipulated by humans
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SCIENTIFIC HEALTH BELIEF
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one's acculturated belief system; the opposite of traditional
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MODERN
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observance of the beliefs and practices of one's heritage cultural belief system
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TRADITIONAL
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an individual who mediates spoken communication between people speaking different languages without adding, omitting, or distorting meaning or editorializing
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INTERPRETER
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a person who converts written material (such as patient education pamphlets) from one language into another
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TRANSLATOR
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basic knowledge and constructive attitudes toward the health traditions observed among the diverse cultural groups found in the practice setting
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CULTURALLY SENSITIVE
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implies that nurses apply the underling background knowledge that must be possessed to provide a given patient with the best possible health care
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CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE
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implies that within the delivered care, nurses understand and attend to the total context of the client’s situation and use a complex combination of knowledge, attitudes, and skills
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CULTURALLY COMPETENT
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people who have a distinct identity but are related to a large cultural group
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SUBCULTURE
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a person who crosses two cultures, lifestyles and values
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BICULTURAL
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the state of being different. It is multifactorial and can occur within a cultural group
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DIVERSITY
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when people adapt or borrow traits from another culture
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ACCULTURATION
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the process by which an individual develops a new cultural identity
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ASSIMILATION
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the classification of people according to shared biological traits, genetic markers or features
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RACE
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a negative belief or preference that is generalized about a group that leads to “prejudgment”
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PREJUDICE
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assuming all members of a culture or ethnic group are alike
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STEREOTYPING
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a disorder that occurs in response to transition from one cultural setting to another
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CULTURE SHOCK
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negative belief or preference that is generalized about a group, “prejudgment, racism”
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PREJUDICE
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fear or dislike of people different from one’s self
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XENOPHOBIA
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assuming all members of a culture or ethnic group are alike
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STEREOTYPING
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belief that one’s own culture or way of life is better than that of others
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ETHNOCENTRISM
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when a person acts on prejudice and denies other persons one of more of their fundamental rights
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DISCRIMINATION
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A formal area of study & practice focused on comparative human-care differences and similarities of the beliefs, values, and patterned life ways of cultures to provide culturally congruent, meaningful, and beneficial health care to people
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Culturally Focused/Trans-cultural Nursing:
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Zitzow & Estes (1981): The degree to which one’s lifestyle reflects his or her respective tribal culture” Four overlapping components: 1.Culture 2.Ethnicity 3.Religion 4.Socialization
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HERITAGE CONSISTENCY
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Magico-Religious Belief View, Scientific (Biomedical) Belief View, Holistic Health View
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THREE VIEWS OF HEALTH BELIEFS
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occurs when the person actively implements behavioral and cognitive strategies to interrupt previous behavior patterns and adopt new ones; this stage requires the greatest commitment of time and energy
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ACTION STAGE
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the person acknowledges having a problem, seriously considers changing a specific behavior, actively gathers information, and verbalizes plans to change the behavior in the near future
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CONTEMPLATION STAGE
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any activity undertaken for the purpose of achieving a higher level of health and well-being
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HEALTH PROMOTION
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behavior motivated by a desire to actively avoid illness, detect it early, or maintain functioning within the constraints of illness
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HEALTH PROTECTION
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an assessment and educational tool that indicates a client's risk for disease or injury during the next 10 years by comparing the client's risk with the mortality risk of the corresponding age, sex, and racial group
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HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT (HRA)
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the person integrates newly adopted behavior patterns into his or her lifestyle
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MAINTENANCE STAGE
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a person typically denies having a problem, views others as having a problem and therefore wants to change the other person's behavior
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PRECONTEMPLATION STAGE
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occurs when the person undertakes cognitive and behavioral activities that prepare the person for change
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PREPARATION STAGE
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activities directed toward the protection from or avoidance of potential health risks
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PRIMARY PREVENTION
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activities designed for early diagnosis and treatment of disease or illness
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SECONDARY PREVENTION
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the ultimate goal where the individual has complete confidence that the problem is no longer a temptation or threat
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TERMINATION STAGE
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activities designed to restore disabled individuals to their optimal level of functioning
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TERTIARY PREVENTION
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(NANDA) describes human responses to levels of wellness in an individual, family, or community that have a readiness for enhancement
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WELLNESS NURSING DIAGNOSIS
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typically characterized by severe symptoms of relatively short duration
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ACUTE ILLNESS
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the extent to which an individual's behavior (for example, taking medications, following diets, or making lifestyle changes) coincides with medical or health advice; commitment or attachment to a regimen
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ADHERENCE
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an alteration in body function resulting in a reduction of capacities or shortening of the normal life span
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DISEASE
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the causal relationship between a problem and its related or risk factors
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ETIOLOGY
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the period during a chronic illness when symptoms reappear after remission
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EXACERBATION
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the actions a person takes to understand his or her health state, maintain an optimal state of belief, prevent illness and injury, and reach his or her maximum physical and mental potential
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HEALTH BEHAVIORS
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concepts about health that an individual believes are true
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HEALTH BELIEFS
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the health of a person at a given time
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HEALTH STATUS
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a highly personal state in which the person feels unhealthy or ill, may or may not be related to disease
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ILLNESS
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the course of action a person takes to define the state of his or her health and pursue a remedy
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ILLNESS BEHAVIORS
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the values and behaviors adopted by a person in daily life
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LIFESTYLE
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a concept about whether clients believe their health status is under their own or other's control
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LOCUS OF CONTROL
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a period during a chronic illness when there is a lessening of severity or cessation of symptoms
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REMISSION
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factors that cause a client to be vulnerable to developing a health problem
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RISK FACTORS
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a subjective perception of balance, harmony, and vitality
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WELL-BEING
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family that includes the relatives of the nuclear family (eg, grandparents, aunts, uncles)
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EXTENDED FAMILY
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the basic unit of society that consists of those individuals, male or female, youth or adult, legally or not legally related, genetically or not genetically related, who are considered by others to represent their significant persons
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FAMILY
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nursing that considers the health of the family as a unit in addition to the health of individual family members
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FAMILY-CENTERED NURSING
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consists of information, material, or energy that enters a system
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INPUT
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feedback that inhibits change
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NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
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a family of parents and their offspring
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NUCLEAR FAMILY
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energy, matter, or information from a system given out by the system as a result of its processes
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OUTPUT
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feedback that stimulates change
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POSITIVE FEEDBACK
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system components
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SUBSYSTEM
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the system above another system
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SUPRASYSTEM
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a set of interacting identifiable parts or components
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SYSTEM
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a transformation that occurs after input is absorbed by the system and is then processed in a way that is useful to the system
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THROUGHPUT
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part of the response cycle, which starts in the brain, with conscious sexual Desires
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DESIRE PHASE
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painful menstruation
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DYSMENORRHEAL
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the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual satisfaction for oneself or one's partner
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ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
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part of the response cycle, involves vasocongestion and myotonia
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EXCITEMENT/PLATEAU PHASE
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indicates biological male or female status
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GENDER
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a person's sense of being masculine or feminine, as distinct from being male or female
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GENDER IDENTITY
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involves a persistent or recurring absence of sexual thoughts or disinterest in sexual activity
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Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
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Erectile dysfunction
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IMPOTENCE
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cessation of menstruation
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MENOPAUSE
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the monthly discharge of blood through the vagina occurring in nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause
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MENSTRUATION
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a difficulty or inability to achieve orgasm in spite of stimulation and arousal
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ORGASMIC DISORDER
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part of the response cycle, the involuntary climax of sexual tension, accompanied by physiologic and psychologic release
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ORGASMIC PHASE
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when a man is unable to delay ejaculation long enough to satisfy his partner
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RAPID EJACULATION
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the part of the response cycle period of return to the unaroused state, which may last 10 to 15 minutes after orgasm, or longer if there is no orgasm
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RESOLUTION PHASE
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the inability to ejaculate into the vagina, or a delayed ejaculation of semen
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RETARDED EVALUATION
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the term most commonly used to identify biologic male or female status
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SEX
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when a woman is unable to attain or maintain adequate vaginal lubrication and/or has decreased clitoral and labial sensations
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SEXUAL AROUSAL DISORDERS
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how one values oneself as a sexual being
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SEXUAL SELF-CONCEPT
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the collective characteristics that mark the differences between the male and female, the constitution and life of the individual as related to sex
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SEXUALITY
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a person who doubts the existence of God or a supreme being or believes the existence of God has not been proved
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AGNOSTIC
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a person who doubts the existence of God or a supreme being or believes the existence of God has not been proved
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ATHEIST
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an active "mode of being-in-relation" to another or others in which we invest commitment, belief, love, and hope
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FAITH
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a day set aside for special religious observance
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HOLY DAY
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a multidimensional concept that includes perceiving realistic expectations and goals, having motivation to achieve goals, anticipating outcomes, establishing trust and interpersonal relationships, relying on internal and external resources, having determination to endure, and being oriented to the future
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HOPE
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acceptable or prepared according to Jewish law
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KOSHER
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belief in the existence of one God
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MONOTHEISM
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the belief in more than one God
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POLYTHEISM
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human communication with divine and spiritual entities
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PRAYER
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being present, being there, or just being with a client
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PRESENTING
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an organized system of worship
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RELIGION
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a disturbance in or a challenge to a person's belief or value system that provides strength, hope, and meaning to life
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SPIRITUAL DISTRESS
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Spiritual well-being
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SPIRITUAL HEALTH
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a feeling of inner peace and of being generally alive, purposeful, and fulfilled; the feeling is rooted in spiritual values and/or specific religious beliefs
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SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING
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belief in or relationship with some higher power, creative force, driving being, or infinite source of energy
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SPIRITUALITY
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a person's recognition that there is something other or greater than the self and a seeking and valuing of that greater other, whether it is an ultimate Being, Force, or Value
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TRANSCENDENCE
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can be identified by others and can arise either in response to or in anticipation of a situation
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ACTUAL LOSS
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a variety of legal and lay documents that allow persons to specify aspects of care they wish to receive should they become unable to make or communicate their preferences
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ADVANCE HEALTH CARE DIRECTIVE
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the gradual decrease of the body's temperature after death
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ALGOR MORTIS
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grief experienced in advance of the event
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ANTICIPATORY GRIEF
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the experience of loss before the loss actually occurs
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ANTICIPATORY LOSS
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an examination of the body after death to determine the cause of death and to learn more about a disease process
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AUTOPSY
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a subjective response of a person who has experienced the loss of a significant other through death
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BEREAVEMENT
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the higher brain center or cerebral cortex is irreversibly destroyed
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CEREBRAL DEATH
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a type of awareness in which the client is unaware of impending death
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CLOSED AWARENESS
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a public official, not necessarily a physician, appointed or elected to inquire into the causes of death
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CORONER
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a physician's order that specifies no effort be made to resuscitate the client with terminal or irreversible illness in the event of a respiratory or cardiac arrest.
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DO NOT RESUSCITATE (DNR)
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the state in which an individual or group experiences prolonged, unresolved grief and engages in detrimental activities
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DYSFUNCTIONAL GRIEF
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care provided in the final weeks before death
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END OF LIFE CARE
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the act of painlessly putting to death persons suffering from incurable or distressing disease
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EUTHANASIA
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emotional suffering often caused by bereavement
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GRIEF
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a legal statement that appoints a proxy to make medical decisions for the client in the event the client is unable to do so
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HEALTH CARE PROXY
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the traditional clinical signs of death: cessation of the apical pulse, respirations, and blood pressure
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HEART-LUNG DEATH
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Cerebral death
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HIGHER BRAIN DEATH
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the delivery of care for terminally ill clients either in health care facilities or in the client's home
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HOSPICE
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a document that states medical treatments(s) the client chooses to omit or refuse in the event that the client is unable to make these decisions
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LIVING WILL
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discoloration of the skin caused by break down of the red blood cells; occurs after blood circulation has ceased; appears in the dependent areas of the body
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LIVOR MORTIS
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an actual or potential situation in which a valued ability, object, or person is inaccessible or changed so that it is perceived as no longer valuable
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LOSS
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a physician who usually has advanced education in pathology or forensic medicine who determines causes of death
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MEDICAL EXAMINER
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a person trained in the care of the dead; also called an undertaker
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MORTICIAN
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the process through which grief is eventually resolved or altered
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MOURNING
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a type of awareness in which the client, family, and health personnel know that the prognosis is terminal but do not talk about it and make an effort not to raise the subject
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MUTUAL PRETENSE
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a type of awareness in which the client and people around know about the impending death
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OPEN AWARENESS
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symptom care of clients for whom disease no longer responds to cure-focused treatment
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PALLIATIVE CARE
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the loss experienced by a person that cannot be verified by others
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PERCEIVED LOSS
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Autopsy
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POSTMORTEM EXAMINATION
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the stiffening of the body that occurs after death
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RIGOR MORTIS
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a large piece of plastic or cotton material used to enclose a body after death
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SHROUD
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requiring oxygen
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AEROBIC
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involves activity in which the muscles cannot draw out enough oxygen from the blood stream; used in endurance training
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ANAEROBIC
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closed tissue surfaces
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APPROXIMATED
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a type of bandage applied to large body areas (abdomen or chest) or for a specific body part (arm sling); used to provide support
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BINDER
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a moist gauze dressing applied frequently to an open wound, sometimes medicated
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COMPRESS
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removal of infected and necrotic tissue
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DEBRIDEMENT
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Pressure ulcers
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DECUBITUS ULCERS
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the partial or total rupturing of a sutured wound; usually involves an abdominal wound in which the layers below the skin also separate
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DEHISCENCE
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thick necrotic tissue produced by burning, by a corrosive application, or by death of tissue associated with loss of vascular supply, bacterial invasion, and putrefaction
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ESCHAR
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extrusion of the internal organs
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EVISCERATION
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loss of the superficial layers of the skin
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EXCORIATION
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an insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen during the clotting of blood
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FIBRIN
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rubbing; the force that opposes motion
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FRICTION
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a collection of blood in a tissue, organ, or space due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel
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HEMATOMA
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excessive loss of blood from the vascular system
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HEMORRHAGE
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Sanguineous exudates
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HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES
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cessation of bleeding
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HEMOSTASIS
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prescribed or unavoidable restriction of movement in any area of a person's life
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IMMOBILITY
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deficiency of blood supply caused by obstruction of circulation to the body part
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Ischemia
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a hypertrophic scar containing an abnormal amount of collagen
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KELOID
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the wasting away or softening of a solid as if by the action of soaking; often used to describe degenerative changes and eventual disintegration
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MACERATION
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filling an open wound or cavity with a material such as gauze
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PACKING
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the process by which cells engulf microorganisms, other cells, or foreign particles
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PHAGOCYTOSIS
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a compressing downward force on a body area
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PRESSURE
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any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure that results in damage to underlying tissue; formerly called decubitus ulcers, bed sores, pressure sores
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PRESSURE ULCERS
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tissue surfaces are approximated (closed) and there is minimal or no tissue loss, formation of minimal granulation tissue and scarring
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PRIMARY INTENTION HEALING
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an exudate consisting of leukocytes, liquefied dead tissue debris, and dead and living bacteria
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PURULENT EXUDATES
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a thick liquid associated with inflammation and composed of cells, liquid, microorganisms, and tissue debris
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PUS
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bacteria that produce pus
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PYOGENIC BACTERIA
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a bright red flush on the skin occurring after pressure is relieved
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REACTIVE HYPEREMIA
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renewal, regrowth, the replacement of destroyed tissue cells by cells that are identical or similar in structure and function
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REGENERATION
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an exudate containing large amounts of red blood cells
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SANGUINEOUS EXUDATES
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wound in which the tissue surfaces are not approximated and there is extensive tissue loss; formation of excessive granulation tissue and scarring
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SECONDARY INTENTION HEALING
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inflammatory material composed of serum (clear portion of blood) derived from the blood and serous membranes of the body such as the peritoneum, pleura, pericardium, and meninges; watery in appearance and has few cells
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SEROUS EXUDATES
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a combination of friction and pressure which when applied to the skin results in damage to the blood vessels and tissues
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SHEARING FORCE
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referred to as a hip bath, is used to soak a client's pelvic area
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SITZ BATH
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the formation of pus
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SUPPURATION
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a decrease in the caliber (lumen) of blood vessels
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VASOCONSTRICTION
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an increase in the caliber (lumen) of blood vessels
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VASODILATION
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